Archive for November 3rd, 2017

Coursework Project: Risk, beta and rate of return within the CAPM and DGM

The purpose of this project is to conduct an analysis where students use CAPM and DGM to analyse and calculate the required rate of return, which is widely and empirically used in stock valuation.

In this project assignment, students are required to select a UK/USA stock listed in London/New York stock Exchanges. The company must have paid out dividend in the last 5 years. The selection should be confirmed by the instructor. Students can perform this task individually or in pairs. No Groups of three or more.

Students are to collect daily prices of the stock from Yahoo Finance! along with the relevant market index (FTSE 100 for LSE and S&P500 for NYSE). Daily returns are to be calculated. The period under study is 1/1/2012 to the most recent date.

In addition, students are required to collect Dividend data from Yahoo Finance for their company for the period under study. This is to calculate the (average) historical growth rate (g) which is used in DGM. 

Students will also need to calculate Sustainable growth rate (g) using the formula g = ROE * (1- Dividend payout ratio). I suggest the following website www.4-traders.com to get ROE and dividend out ratio for the year 2016/17. You type the name of the company in the Search Box, then click Financials. A list of fundamental data will come up. You select the appropriate items needed for the formula.

You are required to conduct an analysis and calculate required rate of return within the CAPM and DGM frameworks. Students should provide an analysis of beta of their company by calculating it on an annual basis to look into the trend and explaining it potential determinants. Other variables included in both models are to be estimated or borrowed from credible data sources.

You are required to write a report of up of 4,000 words double spaced (Font 12 , Time New Roma) where you analyse the results. 5% credit is allocated to writing style and grammar.

Suggested structure:

·         Title should include the following “analysis of correlation and beta of the listed company: (name of your company here).

·         Introduction: explain what you intend to analyse in your report (5%)

·         CAPM and DGM

·         What is beta and its role? (5%)

·         Presentation of the company (5%)

·         Analyse beta for your company and compare it to competitors/industry (20%)

·         Report and interpret descriptive statistics of return rate along with risk measures (mean, standard deviation, variance, coefficient of variation, correlation; 15%)

·         Calculation of rate of return using CAPM model (students should report the sources of risk-free rate and market risk premium; 20%)

·         Calculation of growth rate of earnings (historical growth rate and sustainable growth rate) used in DGM and calculation of required rate of return using DGM model (20%)

·         Conclusion: Compare the results from both models, and provide the disadvantages of both models. (5%)

 

The presentation should follow the same structure of the report with greater focus on the analysis of the results. 10% of the mark of the presentation is allocated to answering questions correctly. I recommend three questions per student.

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SO115 Essentials of Sociology

Assignment 04

SO115 Essentials of Sociology

Directions: Be sure to make an electronic copy of your answer before submitting it to Ashworth College for grading.  Unless otherwise stated, answer in complete sentences, and be sure to use correct English spelling and grammar.  Sources must be cited in APA format.  Your response should be four (4) pages in length; refer to the "Assignment Format" page for specific format requirements.

 

Respond to this topic using a five paragraph format. The lead paragraph should state your position on the topic and preview the points you intend to address. Paragraphs 2, 3, and 4, are your body paragraphs. Each should address one of the three key points or topics you want to discuss and evaluate. The final paragraph should restate your thesis and review the points you’ve made in the body paragraphs.

 

Utilizing information provided by your text, compare the insights into socialization provided by Charles Horton Cooley, George Herbert Mead, and Jean Piaget, in order to decide which theorist gives us the most useful insights into the development of the Self.

 

Note: There is no absolute “right answer” to this essay. It’s up to you to apply your critical thinking to the assigned topic. It’s up to you to decide which theorist tells us the most about the process of socialization and why you think that’s the case.

 

Grading Rubric

 

Please refer to the rubric on the next page for the grading criteria for this assignment.

 

 

CATEGORYExemplarySatisfactoryUnsatisfactoryUnacceptable

20 points15 points10 points5 points

The opening paragraph

begins with the thesis

statement and previews

points supporting the thesis.

The opening paragraph

contains the thesis

statement near the end of

the paragraph and previews

of the supporting points are

weak or fuzzy.

The opening paragraph does

not include a thesis

statement, merely implying

what the thesis statement

may be.

The opening paragraph lacks

a thesis statement and fails

to preview supporting

points.

40 points30 points20 points10 points

Overall, the three body

paragraphs clearly and

logically express the topic

points while utilizing a

variety of helpful transitions

within and between

paragraphs.

Overall, the three body

paragraphs fairly clearly

express the topic points, but

the use of effective

transitions is somewhat

weak and uneven.

Overall, the three body

paragraphs poorly express

the topic points, and there

are no effective transitions

and the paper is difficult to

read.

Overall, the three body

paragraphs fail to clearly or

logically express apparent or

implied supporting points

and transitions are non-

existent.

20 points15 points10 points5 points

The concluding paragraph re-

states the thesis and clearly

reviews the three supporting

points.

The concluding paragraph re-

states the thesis but reviews

of the supporting point

reviews are weak.

The concluding paragraph

does not re-state the thesis

statement and reviews of

supporting points are lacking.

There is no concluding

paragraph. The essay just

ends.

10 points 8 points 5 points 2 points

Student does not make any

errors in grammar or spelling,

especially those that distract

the reader from the content.

Student makes 1-2 errors in

grammar or spelling that

distract the reader from the

content.

Student makes 3-4 errors in

grammar or spelling that

distract the reader from the

content.

Student makes more than 4

errors in grammar or spelling

that distract the reader from

the content.

10 points 8 points 5 points 2 points

The paper is written in

proper APA and

organizational format. All

sources used for quotes and

facts are credible and cited

correctly. Excellent

organization, including a

variety of thoughtful

transitions.

The paper is written in

proper format with only 1-2

errors. All sources used for

quotes and facts are credible,

and most are cited correctly.

Adequate organization

includes a variety of

appropriate transitions.

The paper is written in

proper format with only 3-5

errors. Most sources used for

quotes and facts are credible

and cited correctly. Essay is

poorly organized, but may

include a few effective

transitions.

The paper is not written in

proper format. Many sources

used for quotes and facts are

less than credible (suspect)

and/or are not cited

correctly. Essay is

disorganized and does not

include effective transitions.

Opening Paragraph

and Thesis Statement

(20 Points)

Mechanics (10 Points)

Body Paragraphs

(40 Points)

Concluding Paragraph

(20 Points)

Format – APA Format,

Citations,

Organization,

Transitions (10 Points)

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SO115 Essentials of Sociology

Assignment 04

SO115 Essentials of Sociology

Directions: Be sure to make an electronic copy of your answer before submitting it to Ashworth College for grading.  Unless otherwise stated, answer in complete sentences, and be sure to use correct English spelling and grammar.  Sources must be cited in APA format.  Your response should be four (4) pages in length; refer to the "Assignment Format" page for specific format requirements.

 

Respond to this topic using a five paragraph format. The lead paragraph should state your position on the topic and preview the points you intend to address. Paragraphs 2, 3, and 4, are your body paragraphs. Each should address one of the three key points or topics you want to discuss and evaluate. The final paragraph should restate your thesis and review the points you’ve made in the body paragraphs.

 

Utilizing information provided by your text, compare the insights into socialization provided by Charles Horton Cooley, George Herbert Mead, and Jean Piaget, in order to decide which theorist gives us the most useful insights into the development of the Self.

 

Note: There is no absolute “right answer” to this essay. It’s up to you to apply your critical thinking to the assigned topic. It’s up to you to decide which theorist tells us the most about the process of socialization and why you think that’s the case.

 

Grading Rubric

 

Please refer to the rubric on the next page for the grading criteria for this assignment.

 

 

CATEGORYExemplarySatisfactoryUnsatisfactoryUnacceptable

20 points15 points10 points5 points

The opening paragraph

begins with the thesis

statement and previews

points supporting the thesis.

The opening paragraph

contains the thesis

statement near the end of

the paragraph and previews

of the supporting points are

weak or fuzzy.

The opening paragraph does

not include a thesis

statement, merely implying

what the thesis statement

may be.

The opening paragraph lacks

a thesis statement and fails

to preview supporting

points.

40 points30 points20 points10 points

Overall, the three body

paragraphs clearly and

logically express the topic

points while utilizing a

variety of helpful transitions

within and between

paragraphs.

Overall, the three body

paragraphs fairly clearly

express the topic points, but

the use of effective

transitions is somewhat

weak and uneven.

Overall, the three body

paragraphs poorly express

the topic points, and there

are no effective transitions

and the paper is difficult to

read.

Overall, the three body

paragraphs fail to clearly or

logically express apparent or

implied supporting points

and transitions are non-

existent.

20 points15 points10 points5 points

The concluding paragraph re-

states the thesis and clearly

reviews the three supporting

points.

The concluding paragraph re-

states the thesis but reviews

of the supporting point

reviews are weak.

The concluding paragraph

does not re-state the thesis

statement and reviews of

supporting points are lacking.

There is no concluding

paragraph. The essay just

ends.

10 points 8 points 5 points 2 points

Student does not make any

errors in grammar or spelling,

especially those that distract

the reader from the content.

Student makes 1-2 errors in

grammar or spelling that

distract the reader from the

content.

Student makes 3-4 errors in

grammar or spelling that

distract the reader from the

content.

Student makes more than 4

errors in grammar or spelling

that distract the reader from

the content.

10 points 8 points 5 points 2 points

The paper is written in

proper APA and

organizational format. All

sources used for quotes and

facts are credible and cited

correctly. Excellent

organization, including a

variety of thoughtful

transitions.

The paper is written in

proper format with only 1-2

errors. All sources used for

quotes and facts are credible,

and most are cited correctly.

Adequate organization

includes a variety of

appropriate transitions.

The paper is written in

proper format with only 3-5

errors. Most sources used for

quotes and facts are credible

and cited correctly. Essay is

poorly organized, but may

include a few effective

transitions.

The paper is not written in

proper format. Many sources

used for quotes and facts are

less than credible (suspect)

and/or are not cited

correctly. Essay is

disorganized and does not

include effective transitions.

Opening Paragraph

and Thesis Statement

(20 Points)

Mechanics (10 Points)

Body Paragraphs

(40 Points)

Concluding Paragraph

(20 Points)

Format – APA Format,

Citations,

Organization,

Transitions (10 Points)

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Human Resource Management

You will be performing an audience analysis (part one plan), and then writing a formal email to a job candidate informing him he did not get the position (part 2 bad news). You will submit your assignment as one Microsoft Word Document. For complete instructions for Writing Bad News assignment download the Microsoft Word Document titled 'Bad News Assignment'. Be sure to refer to the rubric attached to this assignment as you develop your responses.

Do an audience analysis on your first page

  • Next ,write a letter as an email to a very strong job candidate (Jeremy Sue) telling him that after much deliberation following three rounds of interviews, someone else has filled a prestigious job at your organization. 
  • However, you believe there may be a position available for Jeremy Sue in the future with the company, so make sure you leave a positive impression. 
  • The position Jeremy Sue is applying for is the manager of global diversity and training for the company you are using for your group project.

Complete the following as a single MS Word document and submit to the link in Bb

Plan-Part one

Your audience analysis should include comments in response to the following issues. You will be submitting these comments along with the final message.

  • What is the identity of the primary audience?
  • What is the identity of the secondary audience?
  • How do you establish and build credibility with each audience? Explain each component of establishing credibility (competence, caring, and character)  
  • How do you prevent unnecessary discussion and provide important information to the audience? (Style and tone of your message)

Bad New Formal Email-Part two

Remember, when you present bad news your goals are to:

  • Make the decision clear. Chose the direct or indirect delivery method for your message.
  • Help your audience accept the message.
  • Maintain a goodwill relationship.
  • Preserve the company image.
  • Be thoughtful of the reader’s feelings.
  • Reject the person clearly and explicitly but not a in a hurtful manner.
  • Test your message for FAIR elements. 

Your message should include the following:

  • A heading (single spaced) : Date, To, From, Subject Line
  • Single spaced paragraphs, with a double space between your paragraphs
  • Your signature, title and contact information
  • In your signature block include your title as consultant and hiring manager for the company you selected for your group project. 

Review 

  1. Carefully review your draft before you turn in your assignment.
  2. Make sure both your audience notes and your email message are together in a single document.

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Assessment, Diagnosis, And Treatment Processes Paper

Imagine you are discussing the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment planning process with a client during an initial counseling session.  Write a 800- to 1000-word paper describing how you would discuss these processes with your client. Include the following: 

•Explain how you would describe the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment planning processes to your client. 

•Describe the role of assessment and diagnosis in treatment planning as you would describe it to your client. 

•Explain ethical concerns that may arise during assessment, diagnosis, and/or treatment. 

 Cite a minimum of three sources.  Format your paper consistent with appropriate course-level APA guidelines

(due thursday Novebe 3 by noon time California) UOP CCMH 548 wk 1

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Restaurant industry and IT industry

Compare and contrast those industries / companies on what they can learn from each other on a global scale / operations. What can be taken from one company to the other to advance, progress and develop them.

– Take the advancements that are happening in “Information technology & communications” sectors and project how they will utilize those developments over the next 10 years to strengthen their strategic position .

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Organisational Leadership Assignment

Organisational Leadership Assignment

1) Watch the Podcast and in a WORD document complete the following

APJ Abdul Kalam:"A Leader Should Know How to Manage Failure" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=laGZaS4sdeU

Who is the audience for this interview?

What is the purpose of the interview?

What rhetorical strategies did the speaker use?

• Figurative language (similes, metaphors, symbols, imagery)

• Appeals (to emotion, logic, ethos)

• Logical fallacies

What Style (provide examples did the speaker use?

• Clarity and conciseness

• Use of language, word choice, diction

• Passive or active voice

• Simple or complex sentences, short or long sentences

What Visual strategies?

• Format

• Use of images

• Nonverbal communication

What Oral strategies?

• Music, volume, speech patterns, other sound effects

2) Profile Proposal E-Mail Assignment For your proposal assignment, you should follow standard formats for a professional e-mail of one page and include the following:

· Standard sections (Date, To, From, Subject)

· Introductory paragraph establishing context, purpose, and foreshadowing statement and closing paragraph identifying next steps and contact information.

· The individual’s identity, including name, title, current position, and relevance to you or your career plans. 

· Your rationale for selecting him or her, including why you think he or she is a good example of leadership communication and why you see him or her as a transformational leader.  You should present a strong argument on why he or she is a good choice for your profile, including what you expect to learn by researching his or her communication abilities.    

· Please attach your preliminary bibliography of where you plan to obtain information about him or her and your interview guide (if you plan to interview him/her or someone else about him/her).

3) After you have read the following e-mail from Mr. Thompson, answer the

questions below. Note: Again, this note was actually sent.

1. How do you like the way the e-mail looks—letterhead, formatting, and the

like?

2. Does the e-mail’s appearance influence your response to it? How?

3. What mistakes in usage do you notice?

4. Are there any expressions that Mr. Thompson uses that bother you in particular?

What are they, and why do they bother you?

5. How do you feel about Mr. Thompson? Do you like him? Do you trust him?

Why or why not?

6. What would you change about the way the e-mail was written?

E-mail is in the PDF attached.

Instructions:

· Answer each of the questions and submit in a word document.

· Plagiarism will be checked.

· Align your document with Justify Indentation and give Line-spacing = 1.

· Limit your response to 1 page for each question.

· Submit them in separate documents.

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Lab report of Daphnia magna heart rate

Biol. 1406 – Lab Report Instructions (50 pts)

Lab report must be submitted on paper – no electronic lab reports will be accepted!

Submit it by Thursday October 5, 6:00 pm. If you submit your lab report after the due date, you will receive a 50% deduction from the earned score by November 30, 2017.

Important Notes: The lab report must be written individual even though you work as a group.

If a student is caught cheating or copying, the student will receive a zero and be reported to the dean.

General instructions for writing the lab report

1. A scientific Lab report consists of

· Title

· Abstract

· Introduction

· Materials and Methods

· Results

· Discussion

· Literature cited

2. The lab report should be written in paragraph form with headings that are written in the same style and font for each section. The headings are: Abstract, Introduction, Material and Methods, Results, Discussion and Literature cited.

3. All scientific names (genus and species) must be italicized with the genus capitalized and species NOT capitalized such as Daphnia magna.

4. Using the first person (I) should be avoided. Keep writing your lab report in the third person. Instead of writing, “I added 1% Alcohol to Daphnia” write, “3% Alcohol solution was added to Daphnia”. (Except when you write your hypothesis, you can use “I”.)

5. If you use internet for finding information, DO NOT use a “. com” , must be a .org, .gov or .edu or ebooks.

6. Use the term “affect” as a verb or action. Use the term “effect” as a noun or thing.

7. Data is Always a plural word.

8. Species is the singular term and plural, too.

Title page: The first page of your lab report is a Title page. The Title should be in the middle of the page in 18pt or greater font. It should be a complete and formal sentence that briefly describes the experiment and result. Your full name and section number should be written under the title.

Abstract: The abstract is a summary of your lab report and must be on the separate page after the page of title. It should briefly include an Introduction, Methods, Results and Discussion in 250 words or less. Even though the abstract comes at the beginning of the lab report, you should write it after you have completed your Lab report draft. No citation is required in an abstract because you should write it in your own words.

Introduction: You will give a reader background information about the experiment. You should assume that the reader is not familiar with the experiment.

· You must write IN-TEXT CITATION in this section. That means to cite your sources (references) in the text. Any sources such as your textbook, lab manual, journals or websites that you have used must be cited in text. At the end of each summarized sentence that you learned from other source, you have to put the author and year in the parenthesis. Example of citation in text:

Microscopes will be used for absorbing the organelles of a cell that cannot be seen with the naked eyes. (Campbell, N. A., et al, 2009).

Notes: If there are two to five authors, include all names and date of publication in parenthesis. (Example: Cason, Bell, and Gonzales 2013)

If there are six or more authors, include the first author’s last name followed by et al and date of publication. (Campbell, N. A., et al, 2009)

If you cite a website source, you need to put the link in parenthesis. (Example: abcd13.net)

· You should briefly explain a microscope and why it is used in this experiment.

· If a “model organism” is used, make sure to explain the organism, its characteristics and the reason for using this organism.

· Briefly explain the effects of the alcohol drugs on the living organism’s health.

· Finally, your hypothesis should be at the end of the introduction, concerning the effect of Alcohol solutions on Daphnia’ heart rate.

Materials and Methods (M&M): Summarize the procedure as much as you can. This section must be written in sentences and paragraph form. Never give a list or reagents or numbered list of methods.

In the first paragraph of the M&M, you should write what chemicals or reagents have been used in your research. Also include the major equipment.

Avoid writing the small items used such as pipets, kimwipes, etc.

The second paragraph of the M&M, briefly describe the procedure in sentence format. If you use a written procedure from another source (such as your lab manual), remember to cite it in the text. Also bring your lab manual in the literature cited section if you have not added already.

Results: The results section should bring summarized data into tables, figures and graphs. Your lab report is required just graphs. If you do not know how to plot your data, see the using Microsoft Excel for plotting Scientific Method data file in the week 3/ Scientific Method folder/eCampus. Also, see the page 3-11 of your lab manual that explains how to make graphs.

All graphs should have descriptive titles. Reader should be able to analyze the graph without reading the text. Tables and graphs should be numbered and referred to in the text by number. (See page 4)

Notes: Do not discuss or analyze your data in the Result section.

Discussion: You were assigned to write about the alcohol solutions (independent variable).

Briefly explain your results here by referring to the number of each graph. Then describe to reader why your results occurred.

Did this independent variable have an effect on Daphnia’s heart rate?

Do your results support your hypothesis or not? Why?

Compare your results to similar research.

Which experiments do you suggest to do with Alcohol?

What are your suggestions to improve the experiment done in the lab?

Literature Cited or References: Each source you cite in text, must appear at the end of your lab report under the Literature cited section.

Format for books citations : List all authors by last name and initials, separated by commas if there are more than two authors. Put an "and" before the last author in the list. Then put the year of publication, the title of the book (in italics if possible), the publisher, the city, and the number of pages in the book.

Format for scientific journal articles citations: List the author(s) of the article using the same format given above for books, then give the year, the title of the article or chapter (no quotes, italics or underlines), then the title of the journal or magazine (in italics if possible), the volume number of the journal (do not use the publication date), and page numbers where the article can be found.

Format for web citations : Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of Online Periodical, volume number(issue number if available). Retrieved from http://www.someaddress.com/full/url/

Example of Textbooks: Campbell, N. A., J. B. Reece, and L. G. Mitchell. (2009) chapter 6: A tour of the cell. Biology, ninth edition. Benjamin Cummings.San Francisco, CA. pp. 94-95.

Lab manual Sample: (The name of the lab exercise and page numbers must be changed)

Sara Perez-Ramos, Stacie Couvillon, and Jennifer Baggett (2014). Labroratory 4, Chemistry and Life. Laboratory manual for Biology 1406 Molecular and Cellular Aspects of life.2 nd Edition. Richland College. Dallas, TX. pp. 4.3- 4.16. The highlighted texts must be written correctly.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Summary of the Lab Report Instructions

DO NOT use “I” See page 1 of the lab report instructions. Daphnia should be italicized “Daphnia”.

Title page

The title should be a complete sentence (In 18 pt or greater in one page). See page 1 of the lab report instruction (LRI)

Abstract

Summarize the whole experiment. Give the reader as much information as possible (including purpose, method and results in a very concise way.

Introduction

Background information (you can use an internet, your lab manual or text book)

Cite your references in the text

Purpose

Hypothesis

Material and Methods (See page 2)

Results

1. Tables and figures (Draw the best fit line as you see in figure.1)

2. Description of Data

Your graphs and tables need to have numbers. For example: As you see figure 1 by increasing Alcohol concentrations, Daphnia’s heart rate decrease. See the instructions for alcohol bar graph Excel 2013 in the Scientific methods folder/ week 3 folder/ Weekly assignments/eCampuse.

 

 

 

Figure1. Shows effect of Alcohol concentrations on Daphnia's heart rate.

Discussion

Conclusions

Explanation of results

Future Experiment

Literature Cited (References)

The sources used the experiment and the writing of the lab report. The reference should include author, year paper was published, the page numbers if possible.

Do not forget to write your lab manual here.

How will the lab report be graded?

 

Daphnia magna must be italicized with the genus capitalized and species NOT capitalized. (1 pt)

 

DO NOT use “I” See page 1 of the lab report instructions. Daphnia should be italicized “Daphnia”. (1 pt)

Title page (2 pts)

The title should be a complete sentence (In 18- point font or greater in one page). See page 1 of the lab report instruction (LRI).

The title should have Daphnia magna and alcohol solutions.

 

Abstract ( 4 pts)

Summarize the whole experiment. Give the reader as much information as possible (including in

Missing purpose in a very concise way

Missing method in a very concise way

Missing results in a very concise way

 

Introduction(10 pts)

Background information (you can use an internet, your lab manual or text book)

Cite your references in the text

Missing Hypothesis

 

Material and Methods (See page 2) ( 8 pts)

· Materials and Methods must be written in sentences and paragraph form NOT as a list

· Missing Materials

· Missing Methods

· You did not cite your lab manual in the text

 

Results (12 pts)

The figure(s) is (are) missing:

X-axis label or unit Y-axis label or unit

Your graph(s) and table(s) need to have numbers and explanation. For example: Figure 1 shows …

Missing Description of Data

 

Discussion ( 8pts)

 Conclusions

Explanation of results

 Answer at least three questions on the page 3 of the lab report instructions

 

Literature Cited (references) ( 4 pts)

 Missing references  Missing your lab manual (see the page 3, example of Lab manual)

 Missing in text citations  Missing your lab manual in text citations

0 1 3 5 285 256 220 180

Acohol concentration (%)

Daphnia Heart rate(BPM)

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African American

An abstract 1 page (single space ) answering these questions. note you have to use the articles that are provided. The topic is African Americans in high school. 

 

1. Identify the purpose, motivation, and problem you will investigate.

2. Explain your research method 

3.share your major findings and/or trends discovered as a result of your research.

4. Provide claims,    

Backing: general statements that support claim

 

Evidence: specific statements that support claim – quoted excerpts from the reading

Qualification: specific statements that seem to contradict the claim (main idea)

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statistics in public health

To make sense of the disease risks they face, people need basic facts about the magnitude of a particular risk and how one risk compares with other risks. Unfortunately, this fundamental information is not readily available to patients or physicians. We created simple one-page charts that present the 10-year chance of dying from various causes according to age, sex, and smoking status. Methods We used the National Center for Health Statistics Multiple Cause of Death Public Use File for 2004 and data from the 2004 US Census to calculate age- and sex-specific death rates for various causes of death. We then combined data on smoking prevalence (from the National Health Interview Survey) and the relative risks of death from various causes for smokers vs never smokers (from the American Cancer Society ’ s Cancer Prevention Study-II) to determine age-, sex-, and smoking-specific death rates. Finally, we accumulated these risks for various starting ages in a series of 10-year life tables. The charts present the 10-year risks of dying from heart disease; stroke; lung, colon, breast, cervical, ovarian, and prostate cancer; pneumonia; influenza; AIDS; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; accidents; and all causes. Results At all ages, the 10-year risk of death from all causes combined is higher for men than women. The effect of smoking on the chance of dying is similar to the effect of adding 5 to 10 years of age: for example, a 55-year-old man who smokes has about the same 10-year risk of death from all causes as a 65-year-old man who never smoked (ie, 178 vs 176 of 1000 men, respectively). For men who never smoked, heart disease death represents the single largest cause of death from age 50 on and the chance of dying from heart disease exceeds the chances of dying from lung, colon, and prostate cancers combined at every age. For men who currently smoke, the chance of dying from lung cancer is of the same order of magnitude as the chance dying from heart disease and after age 50 it is about 10 times greater than the chance of dying from prostate or colon cancer. For women who have never smoked, the magnitudes of the 10-year risks of death from breast cancer and heart disease are similar until age 60; from this age on, heart disease represents the single largest cause of death. For women who currently smoke, the chance of dying from heart disease or lung cancer exceeds the chance of dying from breast cancer from age 40 on (and does so by at least a factor of 5 after age 55). Conclusion The availability of simple charts with consistent data

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