Please describe IN DETAIL how you feel you have progressed in this class. Include things such as how you felt doing your first speech and how you feel now. Also include if you prefer working in a group or as an individual. Feel free to include other things that you have learned or you feel you will/can work on. PLEASE BE VERY DESCRIPTIVE AND CLEAR. Provide examples to help clarify your points. 

speech class , prefer work in group to share more ideas w others i feel more comfortable to speak on public now

My uncles immigration story to America

i had to interview my uncle and write a Research Paper about his immigration story from Mexico to the US during the 1980s.

Summary of my uncles life: My uncle was born in February 19, 1958 in micoacan mexico, where he lived in a rural area with his mother and his younger brother (my father). Since my grandpa was out of the picture and my uncle was the oldest, he had to work terrible jobs selling ice cream and bread sometimes only making 80 pesos a day which was not even enough to make ends meet.but he enjoyed riding his horse and swimming in the rivers of michoacan when he was just a kid. as a teen he moved with his aunt to mexico city but in 1976 he got his 20 year old girlfriend pregnant and his life during the late 70s and some of the early 80s became difficult as he worked in a bakery . During the 80s my uncle had some friends that were making the move to America and many were leaving Mexico because the economy was terrible.He decided to move to America to make more money and help his family alongside his younger brother and my grandma so they could have a better life in Mexico. He was willing to sacrifice his life in his home country to come to America and work.In 1982 he decided to cross the border he wasn’t as nervous because he said survallience back then was not as sophisticated as it is now but nonetheless it was still tough because he left his girlfriend and daughter Sofia all alone in mexico. But the process to America was pretty smooth by getting help by coyote. When he first came to America he lived and shared a very small apartment where he slept on a couch. He then met a man named Kevin, a realtor who hired him as a landscaper. This was a big opportunity because he got a steady job and finally could afford his own apartment since he was living in a small apartment with 5 of his other cousins and was being wise with his money. The Reagan in 1986 passed the amnesty act and he got citizenship(explain process of citizenship)He stated that the thing he most misses about mexico is the culture but he stated that is nothing compared to the opportunity this country gave him and that he is a proud American. (please Feel free to add fake details if youd like) I have to incorporate how bad the economy was in mexico during 1980s and the amnesty act in during reagans presidency.

The business is a marketing company specialized in helping companies, personalities and politicians in managing their social media content and fueling their social media growth using cutting edge methods and tools.
The business will sell monthly and recurring packages to the clients that cater to every needs for their social media growth (including but not limited to user-acquisition campaign services, scheduled post, analytic of their social media strategy, consulting, strategy plans..)

You will need to find at least 3 competitors in Hong Kong 
Financial Projection over 3 years
 

 U8D1-64 – Application of t Tests

For this discussion:

• Identify a research question from your professional life or career specialization that can be addressed by an independent samples t test.

• Indicate why a t test would be the appropriate analysis for this research question.

• Describe the variables and their scale of measurement.

• Discuss the expected outcome (for example, "The Group 1 mean score will be significantly greater than the Group 2 mean score because.")

INTRODUCTION

In Unit 8, we will apply our understanding of t tests in an IBM SPSS assignment. As in Unit 6, you will use the Data Analysis and Application (DAA) Template to submit your assignment.

Testing Assumptions: The Shapiro-Wilk Test and the Levene Test

Recall from Unit 7 that two assumptions of the t test are that:

1. The outcome variable Y is normally distributed.

2. The variance of Y scores is approximately equal across groups (homogeneity of variance assumption).

The Shapiro-Wilk Test

In addition to a visual inspection of histograms and calculation of skewness and kurtosis values, SPSS provides a formal statistical test of normality referred to as the Shapiro-Wilk test. A perfect normal distribution will have a

Shapiro-Wilk value of 1.00. Values less than 1.00 indicate an increasing departure from a perfect normal shape.

The null hypothesis of the Shapiro-Wilk test is that the distribution is normal. When the Shapiro-Wilk test indicates a p value less than .05, the normality assumption may be violated, which can be problematic.

To obtain the Shapiro-Wilk test in SPSS, follow the step-by-step guide for t tests that is provided in the Unit 8 assignment. SPSS provides the Shapiro-Wilk test output for interpretation. A significant Shapiro-Wilk test ( p < .05) suggests that the distribution is not normal and interpretations may be affected. However, the t test is fairly robust to violations of this assumption when sample sizes are sufficiently large (that is, greater than 100 members).

The Levene Test

The homogeneity of variance assumption is tested with the Levene test. The Levene test is automatically generated in SPSS when an independent samples t test is conducted. The null hypothesis for the Levene test is that group variances are equal. A significant Levene test ( p < .05) indicates that the homogeneity of variance assumption is violated. In this case, report the "Equal variances not assumed" row of the t-test output from SPSS. This version of the t test uses a more conservative adjusted degrees of freedom ( df) that compensates for the homogeneity violation. The adjusted df can often result in a decimal number (such as df = 13.4), which is commonly rounded to a whole number in reporting ( df = 13). If the Levene test is not significant (that is, homogeneity is assumed), report the "Equal variances assumed" row of the t-test output from SPSS.

Proper Reporting of the Independent Samples t Test

Reporting a t test in proper APA style requires an understanding of several elements, including the statistical notation for an independent samples t test ( t), the degrees of freedom in parentheses, the t value, the probability value, and the effect size. To provide context, provide the means and standard deviations for each group. Warner (2013) also recommends reporting the 95% confidence interval (CI) for the difference in sample means. Consider the following example from Warner (2013, p. 213):

The mean HRs differed significantly, t(18) = −2.75, p = .013 (two-tailed). Mean HR for the nocaffeine group ( M = 57.8, SD = 7.2) was about 10 bpm lower than mean HR for the caffeine group ( M = 67.9, SD = 9.1). The effect size, as indexed by η 2, was .30; this is a very large effect. The 95% Unit 8 – t Tests: Application

CI for the difference between sample means, M 1 − M 2, had a lower bound of −17.81 and an upper bound of −2.39. t , Degrees of Freedom, and t Value

The statistical notation for an independent samples t test is t, and following it is the degrees of freedom for this statistical test. The degrees of freedom for t is n1 + n2 − 2, where n1 equals the number of participants in Group 1 and n2 equals the number of participants in Group 2. In the example above, there are 10 people in each group: N = 20 ( n1 = 10; n2 = 10), so the df = 18 ( n1 + n2 − 2). Warner (2013) recommends that the t test should not be conducted with groups of fewer than 10 members. The t value is a ratio of the difference in group means divided by the standard error of the difference in sample means. The t value can be either

positive or negative.

Probability Value

Appendix B (pp. 1056–1057) of the Warner text provides critical values of t for rejecting the null hypothesis. In the example above, with 18 degrees of freedom and alpha level set to .05 (two-tailed), the table indicates a critical value of ±2.101 to reject the null hypothesis. The obtained t value above is −2.75, which exceeds the critical value required to reject the null hypothesis. SPSS determined the exact p value to be .013. This p value is less than .05, which indicates that the null hypothesis should be rejected for the alternative hypothesis—that is, the two groups are significantly different in mean heart rate.

Effect Size

A common index of effect size for the independent samples t test is eta squared (η2). SPSS does not provide this output for the independent samples t test, but it is easily calculated by hand with the following formula: t2 ÷ ( t2 + df). In the example above, the calculation is (−2.75)2 ÷ [(−2.75)2 + 18] = 7.56 ÷ [(7.56 + 18)] = 7.56 ÷ 25.56 = .30. The effect size is interpreted using Table 5.2 in the Warner text (p. 208).

Confidence Intervals

Recall that confidence intervals (CIs) were introduced in Unit 2. Standard APA reporting of the independent samples t test should include the 95% confidence interval for the difference in sample means, which is provided in the SPSS output for the t test.

The Warner text provides a "Results" example at the end of each chapter for all statistics studied in this course. You are encouraged to review these examples and follow their structure when writing up Section 4, "Interpretation," of the DAA Template.

Reference

Warner, R. M. (2013). Applied statistics: From bivariate through multivariate techniques (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

OBJECTIVES

To successfully complete this learning unit, you will be expected to:

1. Interpret SPSS t-test output and draw conclusions.

2. Articulate a research question, null hypothesis, and alternative hypothesis.

3. Analyze the application of t tests in your career.

[u08s1] Unit 8 Study 1 – Readings

Use your IBM SPSS Statistics Step by Step text to complete the following:

• Read Chapter 11, "The t Test Procedure." This reading addresses the following topics:

◦ Independent samples t test.

◦ Paired samples t test.

◦ One-sample t test.

◦ Significance testing.

◦ SPSS commands.

◦ Reporting and interpreting SPSS output.

•Compare and contrast ISO900:2000 and Six Sigma in terms of their differences and similarities.  

•Use the Internet to research companies that you believe have exceptional quality standards (i.e., have achieved six Sigma certification), select one organization that has achieved Six Sigma certification. Then, discuss the benefits and results that the organization has achieved as a result of following the quality standards inherent in Six Sigma certification. Explain how these standards help this organization pursue continuous improvement.

Assume you are the owner of a small business with which you are familiar. Outline the basics of a management succession plan for passing the business on to the individual of your choice. 

•Referring to the same small business, determine the most appropriate way for that business to minimize its exposure to risk. Explain your rationale.