The latter half of the twentieth century witnessed the rise of the international development sector, bringing with it new government agencies and international organizations (see Appendix – International Education and Development Timeline). Education played a pivotal role in the new development sector: Rostow’s (1960) modernization theory stipulated that investments in education would put Third World countries on the path to development, eventually transforming them into industrialized societies similar to those in Western Europe and North America.

However, the experiences of Zambia and Nepal show that the relationship between education and development is not straightforward or deterministic. Zambia initially concentrated on secondary and technical education, but was later hard-hit by structural adjustment programmes and burdened with debt. Nepal’s history shows not only that primary education can be rapidly expanded in just a few generations, but also that this expansion can marginalize many groups within a society.

The most important outcome of the post-war period was a set of ideas about what development is and what it means to be developed. These were articulated by development theorists such as Rostow (1960) as well as through international development organizations (e.g. UNDP, World Bank, USAID). The notions that former colonies should develop into industrial nations, that international aid could facilitate the economic growth required, and that investments in education were one way they could do so, all emerged during this period. More than 60 years later, these ideas still underlie much of the work within the field of international development as well as the ways in which development is constructed in popular media and the press. However, the next chapter examines how challenges to these underlying ideas have redefined development work and the role of education within it.

In your own words, define development. What does it mean for a society to be developed? Is education necessary for development, and is it sufficient to ensure development?

Companies are spending more on training and development programs that make an impact on the organization’s strategy, as well as make a positive impact on performance and profits.  For this week’s discussion:

• Explain      how organizations can create a learning culture.
• Research      an organization that values continuous employee training and development.      Explain some of the strategies that this organization utilizes.
• Finally,      explain how small organizations, operating under limited budgets, can      still create a learning culture.

Submission Requirements:

Within your initial post, support your responses with information from at least 2 peer-reviewed/scholarly source (not older than 3-5 years) from library or the Internet, and provide the full citation at the end of your post. Please use APA style in-text citations and references to support your posts.

You are a new warden participating in a workgroup to update performance-based standards for your correctional facility. The American Correctional Association requires performance-based standards that focus on actual compliance with expected practices. There are 7 functional areas: Safety Security Order Care Program and Activity Justice Administration and Management In this assignment, you will address each functional area listed above in an accreditation plan for a correctional facility of your choice. Assignment GuidelinesAddress the following in an accreditation plan of 3-4 pages:  Provide the purpose and goal of each of the 7 functions listed above. Respond to the following question for each of the 7 functions:  According to the American Correctional Association, what are the correctional standards for this function? Explain. What are the desired conditions that need to be achieved and maintained? Explain.  A minimum of 3 desired conditions should be identified and explained for each area above. Provide a brief overview of your selected existing correctional facility. Create your accreditation plan addressing all of the 7 functions.  How will you fulfill the requirements for each function as required by the American Corrections Association? Be specific and explain in detail.  Remember to fully support your arguments with academic and quality research. What are the 3 most significant challenges that you will face to obtain accreditation for your facility? Explain. How will you ensure that these 3 challenges are overcome? Explain. Be sure to reference all sources using APA style. 

•  Guided Response: Respond to at least one of your peers’ posts. Critically analyze their opinions and suggest examples that either support or refute their rationale. Ask them to clarify their answers with examples or illustrations. 

Kim Spiegel

• Does the use of technology help students achieve learning goals?

I think that the use of technology does help achieve learning goals because it encourages students to think in ways they may not otherwise do.  Students learn useful 21st century skills like problem-solving and critical thinking skills that help them to solve real world problems.  According to Georgetown University (2009), “In many different ways, new media environments allow students to recognize and engage with the stages and layers of learning in ways that lead to greater reflection and control over learning processes” (p.1).  The idea behind learning is for students to take what they have learned and apply it to real life.  Technology helps them do that by using visual representations of the problem and allowing them to find new and innovative ways to solve the problem.

• Does the use of technology change student engagement in learning inside and outside of class?

The use of technology does change student engagement in a positive way.  It motivates students to learn and also encourages them to solve real issues.  According to Georgetown (2009), “Socially situated learning at its most effective leads through engagement to commitment, where students, in small and large ways, come to experience what it means to inhabit their knowledge and the values it implies” (p.1).  Students can take what they learn in the classroom and use it in their everyday lives.  It makes students want to learn.

• Does the use of technology change teaching behaviors and practices?

Technology allows the teacher to demonstrate problems rather than lecture about them.  According to Georgetown (2009), “New media pedagogies can be used to engage novice learners in certain fundamental aspects of expert thinking that are difficult to engage in other ways.” (p.1).  Teachers are able to use media and other technology as a source to teach students and provide them with skills they can use to further their careers.  Teachers can also work side by side with students in a more interactive way that they could before which helps to build that student teacher bond.

• Does the use of technology improve teaching effectiveness and efficiency?

The use of technology does improve the teaching effectiveness and efficiency because teachers do not have to take students out of the classroom for such things as research or projects.  Computers can be set up in the classroom along with interactive white boards.  Teachers no longer have to take the time to round up students and take them to the library to gather information.  technology has made things quicker and easier for everyone.  According to Gerogetown (2009), “Through the close examination of the evidence of student learning, this project will create a framework for designing better general education experiences where students develop flexible and integrative thinking in communication-intensive contexts.” (p.1).  Teachers are also able to teach more effectively by using technology because it frees up their time to work with students who really need help while other students can continue learning by using things such as computers and media.

References

Georgetown University. (2009, January 10). Visible knowledge project (Links to an external site.) (Links to an external site.). Retrieved from https://blogs.commons.georgetown.edu/vkp/