Float Mana g ement. Some years ago, Merrill Lynch increased its float by mailing checks drawn on West Coast banks to customers in the East and checks drawn on East Coast banks to customers in the West. A subsequent class action suit against Merrill Lynch revealed that in 28 months from September 1976 Merrill Lynch disbursed $1.25 billion in 365,000 checks to New York State customers alone. The plaintiff ’s lawyer calculated that by using a remote bank Merrill Lynch had increased its average float by 1 ¹ ⁄2 days. ⁷

a. How much did Merrill Lynch disburse per day to New York State customers?

b. What was the total gain to Merrill Lynch over the 28 months, assuming an interest rate of 8 percent?

c. What was the present value of the increase in float if the benefits were expected to be per- manent?

d. Suppose that the use of remote banks had involved Merrill Lynch in extra expenses. What was the maximum extra cost per check that Merrill Lynch would have been prepared to pay?

T r ade C r edit Rates. Company X sells on a 1/20, net 60, basis. Customer Y buys goods with an invoice of $1,000.

a. How much can Company Y deduct from the bill if it pays on Day 20?

b. How many extra days of credit can Company Y receive if it passes up the cash discount?

c. What is the effective annual rate of interest if Y pays on the due date rather than Day 20?

T r ade C r edit Rates. A firm currently offers terms of sale of 3/20, net 40. What effect will the following actions have on the implicit interest rate charged to customers that pass up the cash discount? State whether the implicit interest rate will increase or decrease.

a. The terms are changed to 4/20, net 40. b. The terms are changed to 3/30, net 40. c. The terms are changed to 3/20, net 30.

the subject is networking and security . select the topic given in the suggestions and so the best one u can

Word Limit: 500 words,

I need two different copies of this assignment. Without similarity and plagiarism.

200571 Management
Dynamics
Written assignment #1: Management, Ethical Leadership

(Graded; worth 15% of
total marks)

Purpose

This
written assessment is the first of two, and it provides students with an exercise
to assist in their understanding of two important areas of enquiry in management,
viz.: the issues, concepts, themes and principles associated with business
ethics and ethical practice within organisations and with the roles that
leaders and their leadership, particularly ethical leadership, can have on an
organisation developing, maintaining or further improving its own ethical
culture. As indicated in the lecture on
business ethics (and corporate social responsibility) this issue is attracting
more and more attention by large organisations in terms of what their
customers, other stakeholders and the general public think about them. How do organisations go about putting in
place and then embedding a socially responsible agenda and an ethical
culture? It would seem that the
organisation’s leaders have a role to play; but do organisations with ethical
cultures create ethical leaders or do ethical leaders create, develop and embed
ethical cultures into organisations? In
the lecture on leaders and leadership there was a distinction made between the leaders
who is a person with certain characteristics and traits and their leadership which
is an outward expression of the activities and acts that these leaders have
with their followers. So are leaders
with high moral identity the only ones that can express ethical leadership or
are leaders and their leadership not so closely coupled? These are some of the issues that you will
need to consider when responding to the more specific questions outlined below
in terms of your response to this assessment on ethical leadership. In addition, this written assignment provides
you with an opportunity to demonstrate your level of information literacy, and
your ability to present a cogent and coherent piece of writing that includes
appropriate critical analysis relevant to what is outlined below in terms of
this assessment. THAT IS, MERELY REPORTING WHAT OTHERS SAY DOES NOT CONSTITUTE AN
EFFECTIVE ANSWER TO THIS ASSESSMENT.
In your critical analysis you should consider the views of others and
then argue on what you consider is their contribution in terms of ethical leadership. Completing this assignment will assist you to
achieve learning outcomes 1, 2, and 3 shown in the unit outline.

Assessment

The
importance of ethical leadership is a subject of interest in current management
and leadership research. To some extent
this has been driven by what has been seen as an on-going sequence of large,
dominant and indeed global organisations behaving badly since around the turn
of this century. Many of these
organisations were financial institutions involved in quite questionable
lending practices that ultimately led to the global financial crisis and in
some cases to their own demise. It is
contended that if these organisations had had a more ethical culture then the practices
by a few senior managers may not have led to either their demise or their
significant loss of corporate reputation.
With hindsight possibly leaders with high moral values and good ethical
leadership could have made a difference to the outcomes suffered by these
organisations. Based on the discussion
in the lectures on leaders and leadership as well as on corporate social
responsibility and business ethics and the discussions that you had in the Week
2 and the Week 4 tutorials you are develop an essay about ethical leadership
that addresses the following questions:

a.
Do
you believe that leaders are hard wired in terms of their ethical values and so
do not or cannot change; or are leaders able to be flexible so at times will they
display ethical standards and ethical leadership while at others maybe not?

b.
Does
an ethical leader have to be both a ‘moral person’ as well as a ‘moral
manager’?

c.
Is
it easier to act unethically and express unethical leadership towards followers
than it is to act ethically and express ethical leadership? For example, if unethical leadership and the
acts related to this leadership rely on not being found out how realistic is
this presumption? Is it the case that in
the end you are always found out?

d.
What role do think
Rupert Murdoch played in establishing a culture within News Corporation that
ultimately led its employees to engage in the practice of phone hacking? Do you consider Rupert Murdoch to be an
unethical leader?

e.
When looking at the statements
or letters from your ASX-listed corporation’s Chief Executive Officer (or
Managing Director) and Chairman, what inferences can you make about whether or
not these people demonstrate ethical leadership within their organisation?

Your response MUST include discussion for the
following sources, viz.:

Brown, ME & Mitchell,
MS 2010, ‘Ethical and Unethical Leadership: Exploring New Avenues for Future
Research’, Business Ethics Quarterly,
Vol. 20, No. 4, October, pp. 583-616.

Amernic, J & Craig, R
2013, ‘Leadership Discourse, Culture, and Corporate Ethics: CEO-speak at News
Corporation’, Journal of Business Ethics,
Vol. 118, No. 2, pp. 379–394.

In addition to the required sources shown above, you should use AT
LEAST TWO other references that you have found. . The format of this assessment item should follow
a discussion essay format with a brief introduction, a body and a brief conclusion.

Length

1000

Format

üGiven the assessment
asks for a response to specific questions,

üTo follow the essay
format for this assessment.

üAs stated above, acknowledgement of any
information sources must occur through using an in-text citation as well as a
reference entry in the ‘References’ section at the end of the essay for each
source used.

üFor more information on
formatting citations and reference entries go to ‘Referencing & Citation’
on the UWS Library Website by clicking on the following link:

The 4th, 5th, 6th, 8th and 14th Amendments to the United States Constitution have the greatest impact upon the criminal justice system than any of the other admendments within the botht he federal and state judicial and law enforcement systems.

The 4th Amendment states, “The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects, against unreasonable searches and seiqures, shall not be violatged, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.”

The 5th Amendment states, “No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militias, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, not be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public us, without just compensation.”

The 6th Amendment states, “In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been preciously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation to be confronted with the witnesses against him to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defence.”

The 8th Amendment states, “Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.”

The 14th Amendment states, “Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

Section 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State.

Section 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability.

Section 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void.

Section 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.”

Assignment

Prepare a written analysis of the impact of the 4th, 5th, 6th, 8th, and the 14th Amendments to the U.S. Constitution in processing offenders through the criminal justice system by listing your opinions of how these amendments have a daily impact upon the criminal justice system’s due process processing of an offender from the initial stages of the investigation to the sentencing after the trial. Due process is basically the process of the criminal justice system which protects the defendant’s and the victim’s rights. Be sure to back up your opinions with facts and research. Explain the concept of due process as applied to the U.S. Constitution. Include the following:

• What due process rights are contained in the U.S. Constitution? Give examples.
• What is procedural due process, and why does it exist?
• Do you think any of these rights should be revoked at any time? Which ones?
• What made you choose those?
• To what extent does procedural due process hinder or strengthen the criminal justice system?

  The 4th, 5th, 6th, 8th and 14th Amendments to the United States Constitution have the greatest impact upon the criminal justice system than any of the other admendments within the botht he federal and state judicial and law enforcement systems.

  The 4th Amendment states, “The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects, against unreasonable searches and seiqures, shall not be violatged, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.”

  The 5th Amendment states, “No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militias, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, not be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public us, without just compensation.”

  The 6th Amendment states, “In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been preciously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation to be confronted with the witnesses against him to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defence.”

  The 8th Amendment states, “Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.”

  The 14th Amendment states, “Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

  Section 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State.

  Section 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability.

  Section 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void.

  Section 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.”

  Assignment

  Prepare a written analysis of the impact of the 4th, 5th, 6th, 8th, and the 14th Amendments to the U.S. Constitution in processing offenders through the criminal justice system by listing your opinions of how these amendments have a daily impact upon the criminal justice system’s due process processing of an offender from the initial stages of the investigation to the sentencing after the trial. Due process is basically the process of the criminal justice system which protects the defendant’s and the victim’s rights. Be sure to back up your opinions with facts and research. Explain the concept of due process as applied to the U.S. Constitution. Include the following:

  • What due process rights are contained in the U.S. Constitution? Give examples.
  • What is procedural due process, and why does it exist?
  • Do you think any of these rights should be revoked at any time? Which ones?
  • What made you choose those?
  • To what extent does procedural due process hinder or strengthen the criminal justice system?

Analyzing the Effects of Four Alternative Inventory Methods – Kirtland Corporation uses a periodic inventory system. At the end of the annual accounting period, December 31, 2012, the accounting records for the most popular item in inventory showed the following:

Transactions	Units	Unit Cost
Beginning inventory, January 1, 2012	400	$3.00
Transactions during 2012:
a. Purchase, January 30	600	3.2
b. Purchase, May 1	460	3.5
c. Sale ($5 each)	-160
d. Sale ($5 each)	-700

Required:

Compute the amount of ( a ) goods available for sale, ( b ) ending inventory, and ( c ) cost of goods sold at December 31, 2012, under each of the following inventory costing methods (show computations and round to the nearest dollar):

1. Average cost (round the average cost per unit to the nearest cent).

2. First-in, first-out.

3. Last-in, first-out.

4. Specific identification, assuming that the first sale was selected two-fifths from the beginning inventory and three-fifths from the purchase of January 30, 2012. Assume that the second sale was selected from the remainder of the beginning inventory, with the balance from the purchase of May 1, 2012.

(Adapted from a problem by S. Zeff.) William Marsh, CEO of Gulf Coast Manufacturing, wishes to know which of two strategies he has chosen for acquiring an automobile has lower present value of cost.

Strategy L. Acquire a new Lexus at the beginning of 2008, keep it until the end of 2013, then trade it in on a new car.

Strategy M. Acquire a new Mercedes-Benz at the beginning of 2008, trade it in at the end of 2010 on a second Mercedes-Benz, keep that for another three years, then trade it in on a new car at the end of 2013.

Data pertinent to these choices appear below. Assume that Marsh will receive the trade-in value in cash or as a credit toward the purchase price of a new car. Ignore income taxes and use a discount rate of 10% per year. Gulf Coast Manufacturing depreciates automobiles on a straight-line basis over 8 years for financial reporting, assuming zero salvage value at the end of 8 years.

a. Which strategy has lower present value of costs?

b. What role, if any, do depreciation charges play in the analysis and why?

Lexus	Mercedes-Benz
Initial Cost at the Start of 2008	$60,000	$45,000
Initial Cost at the Start of 2011		48,000
Trade-in Value
End of 2010		23,000
End of 20131	16,000	24,500
Estimated Annual Cash Operating Costs
Except Major Servicing	4,000	4,500
Estimated Cash Cost of Major Servicing
End of 2011	4,000
End of 2009 and End of 2012		2,500