Should be 2 pages
Imagine that you are an industrial hygienist or a safety officer and you have been asked to create a safety data sheet (SDS) for the employees within the manufacturing facility where you work. However in this assignment you will not actually create the SDS. You will just be collecting and studying specific data about the toxicity of certain chemicals that could be used to create it. Assume that the following chemicals/compounds are released during the manufacturing process:
Benzene
Vinyl chloride
Asbestos
Ammonia
Hydrogen chloride
Choose one of these chemicals and review the toxicology data for it. Create at least a two-page essay which outlines the following information about the chemical: How can the route of exposure affect the toxicity of the chosen chemical/compound? How are the mechanisms of action and modes of action established surrounding how to deal with exposure to the chemical/compound? What are the effects that the chemical/compound chosen can have on the human body from the initial exposure to elimination? Your essay should also discuss how the Bradford Hill criteria for causation is used to determine the strength of the toxicology data you reviewed. The essay should be at least two pages in length (not counting the title and reference pages) and should utilize proper APA citations and references. The websites below are good places to begin looking for information regarding your specific chemical/compound: MOS 6301 Advanced Industrial Hygiene 2
Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry (http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/substances/index.asp) Occupational Safety and Health Administration (https://www.osha.gov/chemicaldata/

Please write an article addressing the following:
How important is corporate philosophy to a company’s pollution prevention efforts? Please use an example of one or more companies to support your position.
Must be a minimum of 4-5 pages in length not including the title page and reference page. should have a minimum of three sections: an introduction a body and a conclusion. A minimum of three references should be used and at least one of these must be from a scholarly peer-reviewed journal. All sources used must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.
Address both of the following writing prompts. Your responses to both of the prompts should be at least 500 words each. No title page is needed but be sure to indicate which writing prompts you are addressing at the top of each response. Each response needs its own reference page.
Writing Prompts (respond to both):
a. Review the Reading Assignment titled as Designing a Low-Cost Pollution Prevention Plan to Pay Off at the University of Houston by Bialowas Sullivan and Schneller. In your review describe:
Why the university developed a P2 plan
The process of bulking hazardous wastes fume hood modifications and cost savings
Silver recovery and cost savings
Oil reclamation plan and cost savings and
Your overall thoughts about the university’s P2 program.
b. Review the Reading Assignment titled as Effectiveness of State Pollution Prevention Programs and Policies by Donna Harrington. (Attached with this document) In your review describe:
The three objectives of the study
The Toxic Releases Inventory (TRI) and its impact on P2
The empirical model (framework) used in the study
Costs of P2 programs and
The article’s conclusions and your thoughts about the conclusions.
3. Address both of the following writing prompts. Your responses to both of the prompts should be at least 500 words each. No title page is needed but be sure to indicate which writing prompts you are addressing at the top of each response. Each response needs its own reference page.Writing Prompts (respond to both):
a. Review the Reading Assignment titled as The Greening of a Pulp and Paper Mill by Hill Saviello and Groves. In your review describe:
The history of the Androscoggin Mill including when it was built the strike number of employees and amount of paper produced
The kraft pulping process
Pollution problems prior to 1990
P2 methods implemented after 1990 best available technologies and economics and
Key actions by the 1990s management team that changed the mill from an environmental problem to an environmental success.
b. Review the Reading Assignment titled as Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Opportunities for Concrete Pavements by Santero Loojos and Ochsendorf. In your review describe:
Greenhouse gas production from construction and operation of pavements
How each of the following reduces greenhouse emissions: embodied emissions albedo carbonation and vehicle fuel consumption
The five greenhouse gas emissions strategies starting on page 861
Best available technologies related to concrete paving and
The Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) presented in the article.
Address all three of the following writing prompts. Your responses to the three prompts should be at least 350 words each. No title page is needed but be sure to indicate which writing prompts you are addressing at the top of each response. Each response needs its own reference page.
Writing Prompts (respond to all three):
a. Review the Reading Assignment titled as Pollution Prevention Practices in Oregon’s Electronics Industry by Harding and Jones. In your review include:
An overview of the article
Benefits of using pollution prevention in the electronics industry
Specific process modifications discussed in the article
Chemical substitutions mentioned in the article
Economics of making the suggested changes and
Reasons companies might not embrace pollution prevention.
b. Review the Reading Assignment titled as Optimal Deployment of Emissions Reduction Technologies for Construction Equipment by Barl Zietsman Quadrifoglio and Farzaneh. In your review:
Write an overview of the article.
Describe hydrogen enrichment (HE) selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and fuel additive (FA) technologies.
Describe the advantages and disadvantages of HE SCR and FA including a discussion of costs.
Does the computer model do a satisfactory job of determining the best technology? Explain.
What would be your recommendations as far as which technology (HE SCR and/or FA) should be used or should none be used?
c. Review the Reading Assignment titled as Flue Gas Desulfurization: The State of the Art by Srivastava and Jozewicz. In your review:
Write an overview of the article.
Describe flue gas desulfurization (FGD) at coal-fired power plants and why it is used.
Explain the details of one once-through process and one regenerable process.
Summarize the section titled The MEL [magnesium enhanced slurry] Cost Model.
Discuss how the article is useful to a pollution prevention manager.
Conduct an Internet search to explain the concept of Best Available Technology (BAT) and whether any of the FGD processes described in the article are considered BATs.
5. Write an essay about pollution prevention in the dry cleaning and hydraulic fracturing industries. Include the following items:
1. One-paragraph introduction;
2. Five-paragraph review of the Sinshelmer Grout Namkoong Gottlieb and Latif (2007) dry cleaning article including an explanation of the common dry cleaning process using perchloroethylene (PCE) problems with PCE and a review of options to PCE presented in the paper;
3. Five-paragraph review (totalnot five paragraphs for each article) of the Heywood (2012) article and the Chen Al-Wadei Kennedy and Terry (2014) article on hydraulic fracturing including environmental issues with hydraulic fracturing and the P2 solutions presented in each of the two articles (include the use of liquid carbon dioxide);
4. Five-paragraph review of the Taylor Carbonell and Desimone (2010) article on using liquid carbon dioxide for P2 focusing on how liquid carbon dioxide can be used as a substitute in the dry cleaning industry and in the hydraulic fracturing industry; and a

Case Study 1: 50 points Review Case Study 8-1: Fire Apprentice Program to Recruit Minorities Added Points on Entrance Test found on page 99 in the textbook. IAFF Local 136 v. City of Dayton 107 Ohio St. 3d 10 2005-Ohio-5826 (November 16 2005). To view the full decision copy and paste the following web address into a web browser: http://www.sconet.state.oh.us/rod/docs/pdf/0/2005/2005-ohio-5826.pdf Although the Ohio Supreme Court found the added points program did not violate the rights of male and non-minority applicants describe some alternative means or programs that the fire department might use to recruit female and minority firefighters. Your response should be at least 300 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used including the textbook must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations. FIR 4301 Political and Legal Foundations of Fire Protection 5
Case Study 2: 50 points Review Case study 9-2: Firefighter with Back Injury Offered Light Duty in Police Department found on page 116 in the textbook. Pfanz v. City of Cincinnati 149 Ohio App.3d 743 778 N.E.2d 1073 (Ohio 1st District Court of Appeals (2002)). To view the full decision copy and paste the following web address into a web browser: http://www.supremecourt.ohio.gov/rod/docs/pdf/1/2002/2002-Ohio-5492.pdf Large fire departments typically have light duty assignments available for firefighters who are temporarily unable to perform the essential functions of their regular job. However many smaller departments do not have such accommodations available. Explain the obligations of employers and employees to enter into discussions regarding reasonable accommodations. Also discuss whether the department that does offer an accommodation such as a light duty assignment should impose a time limit for when the firefighter must either return to full duty take disability retirement or otherwise leave the department. Your response should be at least 300 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used including the textbook must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations. Please submit your Case Study 1 and 2 responses as one Word document

Module 01 Course Project Environmental Experience
As you start your course project describe your environmental experiences. Within this paper you should:
Your paper should be 2-3 pages in length and all citations must use APA formatting. Please refer to the Course Project overview for a list of all requirements for this paper.
Project Overview
For a major part of your grade you are going to research the environmental issues discussed in this course. This will help you build the skills necessary to develop an informed opinion and present that opinion in written form.You will complete four components of this project perform a peer review and submit a final paper in Module 06.
Using the content of the course each week critically evaluate and analyze each controversial environmental issue.You must examine the pros cons compromises and tradeoffs of the issue by gathering credible information from various sources and assess the scientific credibility of the information.You will then develop from this information a well thought out paper that will address the major players involved relevant cited facts and a clearly identified opinion. While some readings have been provided to get you started you should continue to research each topic using the online library scientific journals government documents books science magazines and personal interviews.Peer reviewedsourcesshouldform the basis of your paper. Use a minimum of 4 sources each week. All submissions as well as the finalpaper should bedouble-spaced and 12-point font with citations in APA format. Anytime you use the writingsor ideas of others as though they were your own you are plagiarizing (even if you paraphrase).All information and ideas that are not a part of general knowledge must be cited. When in doubt cite
Each paper should address the following key points:

Health and Human Ecology Term Paper
Topic: Food Safety
Guidelines
1. Identify a Health Human or Ecological Topic for Analysis.
2. Describe the topic and how it relates to the Course Course Concepts and/or principles.
3. Analyze the Decision-Making Process (Human) or the Environmental (Ecological) application that is used for your topic
4. What is the reason for your interest or analysis?
5. What changes or recommendations should be made?
6. Would you try to influence your area of interest? Why or why not? How?
Note: The 7 page paper must be typed (12 point font) with separate reference (scholarly using MLA APA or Scientific) and title page.
Thoughts:
1) Term Paper for Health; Water or Air Quality(Indoor) Asthma Food Safety Nutrition GMOs vs Organic Obesity Drugs and addictions
2) Term Paper for Human Ecology; Poverty Housing Wastes Sanitation Food Security and Human Hazards (Radiation and Pesticides); or School Dropouts Juvenile delinquency and Crime
3) Natural Hazards (Fire Flood Freezing Earthquakes) and Disease epidemiology (Ebola Malaria etc.)
4) Science information/data/research can be used for advocacy of a special interest group showing differences of expert s contrasting positions and taking-sides or showing the trade-offs.
How are Impacts or hazards measured or assessed? i.e. cost-benefit analysis risk assessment or health/ecological thresholds/indicators.
What are the time frames for decisions? Emergency Law Enforcement procedures planning process
Is there an environmental health strategy; Health Education/Promotion Design with Nature pollution prevention or environmental enhancement.

Please discuss the following:
Your paper should be 2-3 pages in length and all citations must use APA formatting. Please refer to the Course Project overview for a list of all requirements for this paper. Submit your completed assignment by following the directions linked below.
Project Overview
Using the content of the course each week critically evaluate and analyze each controversial environmental issue.You must examine the pros cons compromises and tradeoffs of the issue by gathering credible information from various sources and assess the scientific credibility of the information.You will then develop from this information a well thought out paper that will address the major players involved relevant cited facts and a clearly identified opinion while some readings have been provided to get you started you should continue to research each topic using the online library scientific journals government documents books science magazines and personal interviews.Peer reviewedsourcesshouldform the basis of your paper. Use a minimum of 4 sources each week. All submissions as well as the finalpaper should bedouble-spaced and 12-point font with citations in APA format. Anytime you use the writingsor ideas of others as though they were your own you are plagiarizing (even if you paraphrase).All information and ideas that are not a part of general knowledge must be cited. When in doubt cite.
Genetically modified food controversiesare disputes over the use of foods and other goods derived fromgenetically modified cropsinstead ofconventional crops and other uses of genetic engineeringin food production. The key areas of controversy related togenetically modified food(GM food or GMO food) are whether such food should be labeled the role of government regulators the objectivity of scientific research and publication the effect of genetically modified crops on health and the environment the effect on pesticide resistance the impact of such crops for farmers and the role of the crops in feeding the world population. In addition products derived from GMO organisms play a role in the production of ethanol fuels and pharmaceuticals.
Specific concerns include mixing of genetically modified and non-genetically modified products in the food supplyeffects of GMOs on the environmentthe rigor of the regulatory processand consolidation of control of the food supply in companies that make and sell GMOs.Advocacy groupssuch as theCenter for Food SafetyOrganic Consumers AssociationUnion of Concerned Scientists andGreenpeace say risks have not been adequately identified and managed and they have questioned the objectivity of regulatory authorities.
The safety assessment of genetically engineered food products by regulatory bodies starts with an evaluation of whether or not the food issubstantially equivalentto non-genetically engineered counterparts that are already deemed fit for human consumption.No reports of ill effects have been documented in the human population from genetically modified food.There is ascientific consensus that currently available food derived from GM crops poses no greater risk to human health than conventional food but that each GM food needs to be tested on a case-by-case basis before introduction.Nonetheless members of the public are much less likely than scientists to perceive GM foods as safe.The legal and regulatory status of GM foods varies by country with some nations banning or restricting them and others permitting them with widely differing degrees of regulation.
Please review the following readings for more information:
Rich A. K. & Warhol T. (2016). Genetically Modified Foods: An Overview. Points Of View: Genetically Modified Foods 1. Link to article.
Bowman J. & Griswold M. (2016). Point: Genetically Modified Foods will Dramatically Improve Agriculture Around the World. Points Of View: Genetically Modified Foods 2. Link to article.
Pearson J. (2016). Point: The Many Benefits of Genetically Modified Foods. Points Of View: Genetically Modified Foods 5. Link to article.
Driscoll S. & Morley D. C. (2016). Counterpoint: Genetically Modified Foods Should be Carefully Regulated. Points Of View: Genetically Modified Foods 3. Link to article.
Anderson T. (2016). Counterpoint: GMO Foods are Unsafe. Points Of View: Genetically Modified Foods 6. Link to article.

n Unit IV you began a course project in which you reviewed the risks associated with your workstation of choice. During this unit you will build upon that project to identify whether or not your workstation is ergonomically sound and to determine how the safety can be improved.
Start by documenting your findings and comparing them to the tables found in the textbook. Make a determination as to whether your space is ergonomically safe. Look specifically at the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA).
Next make suggestions for how it can be improved. Finally conduct research on ergonomics-related regulatory efforts and standards.
Are there recommended safety standards or Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) recommendations?
What are they? Also explain if you feel the safety standards are enough to keep employees safe or if more needs to be done.
(Hint: Make sure you read the Unit VII Lesson!) Your assignment should be a minimum of two pages in length. All sources must be cited and referenced according to APA standards.

Animal use in toxicity testing has long been a controversial issue; however there can be benefits. Read The Use of Animals in Research which is an article that can be retrieved from http://www.toxicology.org/pubs/docs/air/AIR_Final.pdf.
Evaluate the current policies outlined in the Position Statement on page 5 of the article. Use the SOT Guiding Principles in the Use of Animals in Toxicology to guide you in your analysis. Feel free to use additional information and avenues of information including the textbook to critically analyze this policy. In addition answer the following questions:
How do toxicologists determine which exposures may cause adverse health effects?
How does the information apply to what you are learning in the course?
What were the objectives of this toxicity testing?
What were the endpoints of this toxicity testing?
Finally include whether or not you agree with the Society of Toxicology’s position on animal testing. Your Case Study assignment should be three to four pages in length. Use APA style guidelines in writing this assignment following APA rules for formatting quoting paraphrasing citing and referencing.

Standard Operating Guideline Paper Background Information: You have just been promoted to the rank of lieutenant (or bureau manager if serving in the private sector) and have been appointed to the Fire Prevention Bureau/Office as the new supervisor/leader. Your predecessor held the position for many years and had his or her own way of keeping storing and maintaining fire prevention records. You soon discover that records are in total disarray and very few records are properly stored nor have the volumes of the records been properly maintained and protected from the environment in which they were stored.
You have a bureau crew of four other employees who have had little involvement in the handling of records and you plan to change that. Task:
The purpose of this essay is for you to apply the concepts and information you have learned in this unit about the position of a Fire Prevention Officer/Manager. This assignment provides you with the opportunity to use your skills expertise and experience to enrich your response when compiling data that will be used for risk reduction within the community.
You will compose a standard operating guideline (SOG) that should address the following components:
provide an introduction into what this SOP is designed to accomplish along with the Mission Statement for this Division.
proper recording of bureau/office inspections incidents testing re-testing and re-inspections;
proper storage of all records gathered by the bureau/office; and
proper maintenance of all stored records for the required amount of time as set-forth by local state and/or federal rules and regulations.
You should be clear concise and ensure that the SOG addresses each of the three bulleted components given above. The final SOG packet must contain a minimum of one full page for each of the three components listed above; no component can have more than two full pages of text.
Keep in mind that your SOG narratives must be straight-to-the-point. Avoid long rambling narrations as these tend to distract attention and often lead to confusion and misunderstanding of purpose and functionality.
Remember you are the head of this newly formed bureau and you want to impress your leadership with your knowledge academic ability and occupational experience. Be innovative and creative; however be sure to utilize a variety of sources that must include your textbook.
Your final paper will become your SOG to be used and referred to in your day-to-day operations. To better help you in the formatting and completion of this assignment please use attachment to see a template which can be used to help you in composing your SOG.
Your sources must be cited and referenced in APA format. Failure to use appropriate resources or resources that are available in CSUs Online Library can lead to deductions.
***********SEE ATTACHMENT FOR FORMAT********************

need today
1 Perform the following calculation for air concentration. Formaldehyde: 4.0 mg/m3 = ____ ppm
2 Perform the following calculation for air concentration. Benzene: 3.0 ppm = ____ mg/m3
3 Perform the following calculation for air concentration. Sulfuric Acid: 2.5 mg/m3 = ____ ppm
4 Discuss the similarities and differences that exist between the three basic types of occupational exposure limits (OELs). Describe how each type of OEL is used to control occupational exposures and provide at least one specific chemical for which each type of OEL has been established. 5 Your answer must be a minimum of 200 words in length.
6 Describe how hazard notations are used to derive OELs including the additional hazard notations included by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). How would these notations be used in industrial hygiene practice? Your answer must be a minimum of 200 words in length.
7 Define the lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) and the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) and describe how they relate to the point of departure (POD). Describe how each of these are used to derive an OEL. Your answer must be a minimum of 200 words in length.