case study 1
Review Case Study 11-3: Comp Time Public Employers Offering Instead of Overtime Pay/U.S. Supreme Court found on page 146 in the textbook. Christensen v. Harris County 529 U.S. 576 (2000). The full decision is available at http://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/529/576/case.html Many fire departments have rules regarding the maximum compensation time that employees may accumulate and also how compensation time is paid at retirement or termination. Discuss the rules regarding compensation time accrual and use in your fire department or another department in your state and compare and contrast them to those at issue in Christensen. Be sure to address if and how the rules comply with the FLSA. Your response should be at least 300 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used including the textbook must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.
Case Study 2: 50 points
Review Case Study 12-1: Random Drug testing No History of Drug Problems on Fire Department found on page 152 in the textbook. Petersen v. City of Mesa 83 P.3d 35 (Ariz. 2004) Arizona Supreme Court No. CV-03-0100-PR. To view the full decision copy and paste the following web address into a web browser: https://www.courtlistener.com/ariz/5rSY/petersen-v-city-of-mesa/ Though the Arizona Supreme Court found Mesas random drug testing to be outside the closely guarded category of constitutionally permissible suspicionless searches a number of Appeals Court cases have upheld drug testing of firefighters in general finding that that they do serve in safety-sensitive positions. Discuss whether your fire department or another fire department in your state has a random drug testing program. Briefly outline the provisions of the program. Also explain if and how this program is addressed in your unions collective bargaining agreement with your employer. FIR 4301 Political and Legal Foundations of Fire Protection 6 Your response should be at least 300 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used including the textbook must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations. Please submit your Case Study 1 and 2 responses as one Word document. Information about accessing the Blackboard Grading Rubric for this assignment is provided below.
My link to my book:
https://books.google.com/books?id=0pT2DQAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false

Course: Integrated Safety Management Systems.
Textbook: Pardy W. & Andrews T. (2010). Integrated management systems: Leading strategies and solutions. Plymouth United Kingdom: Government Institutes.
This is the first installment of a course project that you will be working on throughout the course. In this project you will select one of the options below and evaluate a place where you work or have worked using the criteria in the elected option.
Option 1: You may choose a company that has NOT implemented a sophisticated systems approach to management. During this course you will be asked to evaluate the emergency safety and health (ESH) and quality management systems used in your chosen facility based on what you learn in this course in preparation for generating a recommendation and making a presentation to management regarding whether the organization should pursue a management systems approach. If you do not have an appropriate organization in your experience to discuss you can develop your project through research by learning about an organization through resources available in the library and by interviewing individuals who work for your organization of choice. In various units in this course you will be asked to share information about the firm to determine the level of congruence between the facilitys management approach and what you have learned about the management systems approach up to that point. Assignment for Option 1:
Please provide the following sections in your essay:
Identification of the organization: Identify an organization that you would like to evaluate and identify the scope of the activity (the organizations function or business area). Be sure to see above information regarding proprietary and confidential information.
Reasons for choosing the organization: Describe why you chose to evaluate this organization and discuss where you think the organization stands in relation to utilizing a management systems approach to quality and ESH. Also discuss where you think the organization is in relation to considering or implementing a systems approach.
Information sources: Identify information sources which are available to you including documentation (procedures quality/ESH manual work instructions) personnel for interviews records or web page information. Include a description of the level of confidence that the information will be complete and accurate in providing evidence of the management system. Also describe your process for reviewing the information and data.
Your response should be a minimum of 700 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used including the textbook must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.

An investigative panel put together by President Obama in 2011 released some disturbing news which reported that in the 1940’s U.S. researchers performed unethical medical procedures and experiments on people in Guatemala including re-infecting a dying woman with syphilis. These past experiments which were conducted from 19461948 by the U.S. Public Health Service the Pan American Sanitary Bureau and several Guatemalan government agencies. They wanted to test if penicillin could prevent STDs such as gonorrhea and syphilis. The reportsallegedthat they tested this theory by deliberately exposing over 1300 Guatemalans including soldiers sex workers prisoner and mental patients. More than 700 people were infected with an STD and 83 people died.
These particular experiments were not a secret but what the panel found shocked them.According to a recent Huffington Postarticle a female syphilis patient was infected with gonorrhea in her eyes and elsewhere. Six months later she died. The researchers put their own medical advancement first and human decency a far second said Anita Allen a member of the Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues. President Obama subsequently called Guatemala’s president Alvaro Colom to apologize. History will suggest that African-Americans are no strangers to this type of medical mistreatment. The infamousTuskegee Experimentconducted between 1932 and 1972 in Tuskegee Alabama to study the natural progression of untreated syphilis in 600 African-American men is well documented.The current distrust that exists in America between the African-American community and the medical establishment serves as a continual reminder of past abuses. The African-American community has a unique perspective one that began steeped in exploitation. While there have been obvious improvements in access to good health care fear and suspicion remain. As with any wound this relationship requires time to fully mend. President Clintons apology provided a first step recognizing and accepting the governments role in perpetuating this crucial contributor to heath disparities.
In your reading for this week about the Tuskegee Experiment:
1.Discuss the influences it had on the future conduct of clinical trials.2.Discuss additional steps that could have been taken to avoid any unethical issues that resulted in the Guatemala experiments.
Note: Try to be objective in your assessment of this week’s discussion. Read through the attached article which summarizes the Guatemala syphilis study.

For the past 5 decades African-American women have consistently experienced an almost 4-times greater risk of death from pregnancy complications than have Caucasian-American women. The literature has supported that this increased risk of pregnancy-related death among African-American women is independent of age parity or education. An increased risk of death from other conditions such as breast and gynecological cancer has also been reported for African-American women. African-American women are also more likely to die from complications of pregnancy including hemorrhage hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and cardiomyopathy. However the reasons for this excess mortality remain unclear.
We now know that excess mortality from a condition can be caused by a higher prevalence of the condition a higher case-fatality rate or a combination of these factors. Several factors may contribute to the elevated case-fatality rates among African-American women including patient attributes such as disease severity coexisting medical conditions and the timing of entry into care and health system factors such as access to care and the quality and consistency of care. Although researchers have increasingly accepted the idea that race is more of a social rather than a biological construct race can have biological consequences when operating through a variety of factors that we were unable to measure in this study.
Nonetheless our lack of knowledge about what factors cause the disparity in pregnancy-related mortality between African-American and Caucasian-American women impedes our ability to formulate appropriate research and to design interventions to eliminate this disparity.
Discussion: Carefully examine and discuss one (1) biological or health services factor that has contributed to increase disparity in case-fatality rates for the pregnancy-related conditions.Cite and reference statistics and or case examples if necessary.

Do you believe that the United States should commit to the Paris Agreement? What arguments most influenced your decision?
Do you believe that we will experience significant global warming during this century due to air pollution? In what way would the Paris Agreement impact your position on global warming?
What is the effect of global warming on the Earth’s water resources?
Your paper should be 2-3 pages in length and all citations must use APA formatting. Please refer to the Course Project overview for a list of all requirements for this paper.
Project Overview
For a major part of your grade you are going to research the environmental issues discussed in this course. This will help you build the skills necessary to develop an informed opinion and present that opinion in written form.You will complete four components of this project perform a peer review and submit a final paper in Module 06.
Using the content of the course each week critically evaluate and analyze each controversial environmental issue.You must examine the pros cons compromises and tradeoffs of the issue by gathering credible information from various sources and assess the scientific credibility of the information.You will then develop from this information a well thought out paper that will address the major players involved relevant cited facts and a clearly identified opinionWhile some readings have been provided to get you started you should continue to research each topic using the online library scientific journals government documents books science magazines and personal interviews.Peer reviewedsourcesshouldform the basis of your paper. Use a minimum of 4 sources each week. All submissions as well as the finalpaper should bedouble-spaced and 12-point font with citations in APA format. Anytime you use the writingsor ideas of others as though they were your own you are plagiarizing (even if you paraphrase).All information and ideas that are not a part of general knowledge must be cited. When in doubt cite.

Set 1
1. Logging in national forests is very controversial. Describe how preservationist and
conservationist views on this issue would likely differ.
2. A community wishes to build a new elementary school to meet the needs of its growing
population. The most convenient site for this new school happens to be one of the few remaining
tracts of forest within the city. On what criteria would virtue ethicists consequence-based
ethicists and duty-based ethicists decide if cutting this forest to locate the school was right?
3. In very dry years or when winters are very cold the food supply for elk in the Yellowstone
wilderness may be limited and weak or old animals are likely to die. Some argue that park
managers should provide supplemental feeding stations to prevent such deaths. What is your
view on this matter and on what ethical framework would you base it?
4. Give an example of an environmental justice issue in your community. How do you feel disputes
over such matters should be resolved?
5. Some economists argue that ecological valuation of ecosystem services does not reflect their true value in an economic system. What is their reasoning?
6. Describe two examples of actions that countries might take that increase their GDP while
diminishing their GPI. Give an example of actions that would likely increase both GDP and GPI.
Set 2
1.What factors might influence trophic level efficiency?
2.Sharks are considered to be important keystone species in some marine communities. Why might this be the case?
3.Why have conservationists been particularly interested in the restoration of carnivore populations?
4.What factors influence differences in NPP from one place to another in terrestrial ecosystems? How do those factors compare with the factors that influence NPP in marine ecosystems?
5.Describe how human land use is contributing to the increased flux of CO2 to Earths atmosphere?
6.Fossil fuels such as oil and coal are the NEP of a distant time. Explain.
7.How might they influence the biodiversity of the landscapes within which they occur?
Set 3
1.Describe the factors influencing landscape diversity for a park national forest or rangeland near your home(Philadelphia).
2.Structural complexity of ecological communities is often correlated with species richness.Explain why this is so using a specific community as an example.
3.Describe two reasons why ecosystem functions such as productivity may increase as species richness increase.
4.Describe three ways in which biodiversity contributes to the economic well-being of communities.
5.What habitats are disappearing near your home(Philadelphia)? What species might be threatened by the loss of these habitats?
6.Give a example of a non-native invasive species that is influencing biodiversity in ecosystems near your home(Philadelphia). What factors contribute to its invasiveness?
Set 4
1.What caused concentrations of CO2 to decline during cold glacial periods in the Pleistocene?
2.Scientists say that changes in Earth’s snow and ice cover are both a cause and consequence of changes in climate.Explain what they mean.
3.What molecules absorb infrared light but water vapor is not believed to contribute to global warming. Why not?
4.In what ways does deforestation contribute to the increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere?
5.What is responsible for the seasonal changes in CO2 concentrations observed in data from the Mauna Loa Observatory?
6.The melting of continental glaciers causes sea level to rise but the melting of Arctic sea ice does not. Why is this so?
7.Global warming is having a significant effect on populations of many plant and animal species.Describe three ways in which this is occurring.

In the Health and Medical Collection database within the CSU Online Library locate and read the following article: Swierczynska-Machura D. Brzeznicki S. Nowakowska-Swirta E. Walusiak-Skorupa J. Wittczak T. Dudek W. . . . Palczynski C. (2015). Occupational exposure to diisocyanates in polyurethane foam factory workers. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health 28(6) 985-998. Write a summary of the article that addresses the following variables: Summarize the industrial hygiene sampling procedures that were used in the study to evaluate a chemical hazard. Explain the results of each of the sampling procedures used how those results were used to evaluate occupational exposures and the potential health effects of chemical hazards. Provide your opinion as to which of the sampling procedures used in the study provided the most accurate and precise information about the occupational exposures of the workers and potential health effects. Explain why you chose one particular sampling procedure over the others. You should use the textbook and resources from the CSU Online Library to obtain information for this assignment. Your article review must be a minimum of three pages in length not counting the title page and reference page. Use APA style when writing the paper making certain to include in-text citations and references. need 3 pages must read the article need by tuesday

Read the article referenced below in the CSU Online Library Academic Search Complete database. Barnett D. J. Balicer R. D. Blodgett D. Fews A. L. Parker C. L. & Links J. M. (2005). The Application of the Haddon Matrix to Public Health Readiness and Response Planning. Environmental Health Perspectives 113(5) 561-566. doi:10.1289/ehp.7491c
Using the examples provided choose two of the following risks to complete the Haddon Matrix worksheet:
1. Cooking fire in the kitchen
2. Firefighter fatalities due to lack of seatbelt use in emergency vehicles
3. Flash flood in rural community
4. Falls in bathrooms of people age 65 and over in their homes.
Using the Haddon Matrix worksheet document linked below list in each block as many different causal and contributing factors as possible that need to be considered in the prevention and cause of an injury or risk. When complete highlight the cell or cells that lend themselves to the greatest opportunities to prevent and or mitigate risk.
Click here to access the Haddon Matrix worksheet. Complete the worksheet save it using your last name and student ID and submit it. Information about accessing the Blackboard Grading Rubric for this assignment is provided below.

Review Case Study 14-
1: Physical Fitness and Wellness Program Annual Medical Exam found on page 184 in the textbook. Weimer v. City of Baton Rouge 915 So.2d 875 (La.App. May 6 2005). The full decision is available at http://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=1814941207931918549&hl=en&as_sdt=2&as_vis=1&oi=scholarr This case addressed the legality of imposing a health and wellness program on firefighters. Describe the nature of the health and wellness program in your fire department or another department in your state. Explain the process by which the program was implemented and the unions part if any in that process. Address the aspects of the program requiring voluntary or mandatory participation and if applicable disciplinary or non-disciplinary actions resulting from refusal to participate. Your response should be at least 300 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used including the textbook must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.
Case Study 2: 50 points Review Case Study 14-3: Physical Ability Testing Adverse Impact on Female Firefighters found on page 187 in the textbook. Victoria Pietras v. Board of Fire Commissioners of the Farmingdale Fire District 180 F.3d 468 (2nd Cir. 1999). The full decision is available at http://openjurist.org/180/f3d/468/pietras-v-board-of-fire-commissioners-of-the-farmingville-fire-district This case addressed the disparate impact of a physical agility test on female firefighters. Describe the physical agility testing done by your fire department or a department in your state. Address whether the testing is work related and reflects a real world scenario. Also discuss whether you believe the testing has a disparate impact based upon sex or age. Your response should be at least 300 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used including the textbook must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.
Please submit your Case Study 1 and 2 responses as one Word document. Information about accessing the Blackboard Grading Rubric for this assignment

The rapid spread of seasonal influenzaduring the 2012-13 season brought a series of public health challenges and corresponding response efforts. For decades responses to annual flu have been undertaken routinely without extensive legal intervention. With the recent declaration of states of public health emergencies in Boston (January 9 2013) and New York State (January 12 2013) however the legal baseline is changing. Propelled by a slate of state and local emergency declarations during the 2009-10 H1N1 pandemic public officials are beginning to show cause for the issuance of formal emergency declarations in support of flu response efforts.
The confluence of the terrorist attacks on the United States and the anthrax mail attacks focused attention and fear on the use of pathogens as weapons of mass destruction. In response the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in collaboration with the National Governors Association the National Conference on State Legislatures the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials and the National Association of County and City Health Officials commissioned the center for Law and the Public’s Health at Georgetown and Johns Hopkins Universities (the Center) to develop a model act(Model State Emergency Health Powers Act)for states to consider enacting in preparation for bioterrorism. However the legal effects of these types of declarations are profound. Public and private actors are now given significant expedited public health powers. Scarce resources like vaccines can be more efficiently allocated. Laws relating to licensure scope of practice and liability can be effectively waived. Though originally conceptualized and once reserved for catastrophic long-term health-related orbioterrorismevents public health emergency declarations are evolving to address temporary impacts on health care and public health services arising annually from flu outbreaks.
February may be the month for the Super Bowl and Valentines Day but the influenza season is also expected to peak and then tail off in March. During the 2009-2010 flu season H1N1 influenza hospitalization rates were twice as high for Blacks Hispanics American Indians and Alaska Natives than for Whites. H1N1 hospitalization rates then were 29.7 per 100000 people for Blacks 30.7 for Hispanics and 16.3 for Whites according to the CDC report. When compared to Whites H1N1 vaccination rates were almost 10 percent lower for Black adults about 4 percent lower for Black children and more than 11 percent lower for Hispanic children. Seasonal flu vaccinations rates were almost 22 percent lower among Hispanic adults when compared to Whites. A smilar report released by Trust for Americas Health in November 2010 also found both H1N1 and seasonal flu vaccination rates were much lower for Blacks and Hispanics than for Whites.
Question:Carefully explore and discuss the changing nature of public health emergencies and their current and potential impact on the provision of healthcare services in response to national or regional threats to the public’s health.In your discussions also examine the questions of when and whether government may infringe upon individual liberties in order to protect public health.