Question 1
1.
Provide a definition and a brief explanation of each of the following meters and detail how each meter might be used to evaluate physical hazards in the workplace: dynamometer accelerometer and goniometer. Your answer must be a minimum of 75 words in length.
Question 2
1.
If workers are exposed to 92 dBA for 2 hours 90 dBA for 2 hours and 85 dBA for 4 hours in the workplace what percent of their daily noise dose would they receive using the hearing conservation limits? Briefly discuss the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requirements for evaluating this exposure related to a hearing conservation program and explain the requirements for engineering controls and the use of hearing protection. Your answer must be a minimum of 75 words in length.
Question 3
1.
Describe the specific method you would use to evaluate a nurse’s exposure to x-ray radiation while performing diagnostic tests at a clinic. Explain how your method works why you would choose that method and the benefits and weaknesses of that method including how your method will affect the accuracy and precision of the data. Your answer must be a minimum of 75 words in length.
Question 4
1.
Briefly discuss the difficulties associated with the evaluation of non-ionizing radiation sources. Summarize the methods that can be used for the evaluation of non-ionizing radiation in the workplace. Include a statement as to which method you believe would be the most reliable for evaluating infrared radiation exposures and discuss how your method can affect the accuracy and precision of your data. Your answer must be a minimum of 75 words in length.

Week 2 – Discussion
44 unread replies.66 replies.
Your initial discussion thread is due on Day 3 (Thursday) and you have until Day 7 (Monday) to respond to your classmates. Your grade will reflect both the quality of your initial post and the depth of your responses. Refer to the Discussion Forum Grading Rubric under the Settings icon above for guidance on how your discussion will be evaluated.
Before completing your post review theWeek 2: Food & Agriculture(Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.interactive video which is designed to assist you in understanding more about this weeks topic and to help you organize your initial post.
In the United States we are fortunate to have an abundant supply of food. However this abundance is largely due to advances in agricultural technologies which have in turn created numerous concerns surrounding our food sources. Provide at least two recent (since the Green Revolution ended) examples of how the United States has increased its food production and discuss how these changes have affected both the environment and food safety. Possible innovations you might cover include but are not limited to: GM agriculture polyculture farming permaculture farming vertical farms small-scale organic farming aquaponics concentrated animal feeding operations urban gardening (rooftop and vacant lot) not-till farming precision farming use of drones and use of GPS technology.
Your initial post should be at least 250 words in length. Utilize at least two scholarly or reputable resources and your textbook to support your claims. Cite your sources in APA format. Quoted text should constitute no more than ten percent of your post. Respond to at least two of your classmates posts by Day 7.

For the following research paper assignment you have been asked to perform an evaluation of employee exposures at a small automobile parts manufacturing facility. The manufacturing processes include two metal presses two machining stations three welding stations a small paint booth and a shipping/receiving area. There are two employees working at each press one person working at each machining station one person working at each welding station two people working in the paint booth and four employees working in the shipping/receiving area. One of the presses is a 2000-ton press and the other press is a 200-ton press. The 2000-ton press is the greatest noise source for the facility. The machining area uses a metal working fluid. The safety data sheet (SDS) for the metal working fluid is attached here. All welding is performed on stainless steel. The painting booth uses a powder coating operation but the employees use xylene and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) to clean the parts prior to the powder coating operation. At the end of the shift one of the employees uses 13 butadiene to clean the nozzles for the paint booth. The facility uses two electric forklifts to move materials between the production area and the storage warehouse and between the warehouse and the shipping area. All employees work an 8-hour shift.
Part 1: Using the information on anticipation and control we studied in the textbook identify the hazards that are present in the facility. In your discussion explain why you chose the hazards and describe whether you believe the hazards to be actual hazards or potential hazards (which require further evaluation). Describe the specific location(s) at the facility where the hazards are located and determine how many employees are potentially at risk in those areas. Your response for Part 1 should be at least one page in length.
Part 2: Using the information on evaluation that we studied in the textbook summarize how you would measure the personal exposures to the hazards that you identified in Part 1. Use the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) website (https://www.osha.gov/dts/sltc/methods/toc.html) or the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) website (http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2003-154/default.html) to select the specific sampling and analytical method that would work best to evaluate any chemical hazards you identified. Provide a summary of the sampling media you would use include the sampling flow rate discuss how long you would sample and explain how you would calibrate the sampling train. Include a discussion about why you selected the specific sampling and analytical method.
Part 3: Access the attached sampling results here. For each set of results perform the following actions: Calculate the 8-hour time weighted average (TWA) exposure. Compare the results to the appropriate OSHA permissible exposure limit (PEL). Determine which results exceed an established OSHA PEL. Write a one-page summary of the sampling results; document the exposures that exceeded an OSHA PEL and identify those areas that you believe will require the application of controls to reduce risk. Include your calculations include a list of the OSHA PELs you compared the results to and explain how you decided that an exposure exceeded an OSHA PEL.
Laboratory Results for Unit VIII Research Paper
Employee Position Analyte Sample Time Sample Result 1 Machining Mineral oil mist 480 minutes 1.1 mg/m3 2 Machining Mineral oil mist 480 minutes 0.9 mg/m3 3 Welding Cleaning Hexavalent chromium 360 minutes 120 minutes 8.5 g/m3 0.5 g/m3 4 Welding Cleaning Hexavalent chromium 300 minutes 180 minutes 10.0 g/m3 0.2 g/m3 5 Paint Booth Xylene MEK 480 minutes 24 ppm 60 ppm 6 Paint Booth/Cleaning Nozzles 13 butadiene 15 minutes 6.0 ppm
Noise Dosimetry Data
Employee Position Sample Time Sample Result 1 Setting up parts for press Operating 2000-ton press Clean-up 60 minutes 400 minutes 20 minutes 82.0 dBA 100 dBA 80.0 dBA 2 Setting up parts for press Operating 200-ton press Clean-up 30 minutes 430 minutes 20 minutes 80.0 dBA 89.0 dBA 80.0 dBA 3 Machining 480 minutes 85.5 dBA 4 Paint Booth 480 minutes 80.5 dBA 5 Shipping/Receiving/Forklift Driver 480 minutes 82.0 dBA
Part 4: Using OSHAs hierarchy of controls recommend the control methods that you believe would be the most effective for reducing the risks associated with the exposures that exceeded the OSHA PEL above. Explain how you would implement the controls and how you would evaluate the effectiveness of the controls. Also discuss any interim control methods you would recommend for the facility. This section should be at least one page in length. Include a reference page and in-text citations for all sources you used in this project including your textbook using proper APA format.

***500 word minimum
I wanted to use this discussion activity to highlight an interesting debate that I had recently. The names of the debaters are fictitious to protect identity. A debate occurred recently between two prominent health educators working at Nova Southeastern University.Lets listen in:Dr. Gutferyah: If individuals are confronted with a personalized genetic risk profile based on such research they will be more likely to adopt behaviors that minimize related health risks. A person who knows he or she is at an elevated risk for developing diabetes or coronary heart disease may choose to consume fewer processed sugars drink less alcohol or avoid high cholesterol foods dense in saturated fats. Genetic technologies will powerfully reinforce the power of health education messages.Dr. Batferyah: Au contraire my friend. In fact the very opposite will occur. If that same person becomes aware that he or she has a relatively low risk of developing elevated cholesterol levels may see little point in heeding advice on lowering dietary fat intake. Genetic technologies are more likely to be the nemesis of public health education!After the debate I stood up and asked this question and I will propose the same question for our discussion. Should we understand personalized genetic profiling as something that is likely to be empowering or dis-empowering?Question:1. Does genetic profiling positively or negatively contribute to the future of public health practice? Why or Why not?2. How is the relation of genetic profiling empowering or dis-empowering to one’s health?

research questions and thoroughly discuss in an essay format of a minimum of 8-type written pages (2000 words) in Times Roman or Arial 12-inch fonts one-inch margins all around and double-spaced. The total number of pages accounted for the research paper should not include the reference and cover page.
Topic:
1. In the United States one third of children and adolescents are overweight or obese and rates of diet-related diseases among young people are unprecedented. Public health experts conclude that the consumption of fast foods and sugar-sweetened beverages which includes sodas sport drinks energy drinks and fruit drinks are strongly associated with adolescent obesity accounting for approximately 15% of their total caloric intake. Adolescent obesity rates are also reportedly the highest among minority and lower-income adolescents.
Question:
Discuss the interdependence of calorie-posting initiatives and food advertising as an effective contributor in reducing calorie intake for minority and lower-income adolescents at risk for obesity.
*********************************
Research Paper Instructions: The paper is required to be written in APA style for review articles (see APA style guide posted). It should consist of at least five (5) empirical research articles on the topic from reputable public health journals. A list of public health journals will be available for your consideration. You are also required to upload the first page (that includes the abstract) of the articles used as a PDF attachment with your final draft submission.
Things to Do:
1. Research review articles and other basic information to use for the background section of your research paper.
2. Find five (5) empirical articles covering the research topic. The articles should have a method results and discussion sections)
a. I prefer that you use PubMed and/or NSU electronic journal databases to search for articles.
3. Construct the paper with relevant background information to the topic and research question.
a. Describe and summarize the empirical articles in the results section of your research paper.
b. Critically analyze the topic synthesize finding from the articles in your discussion.
c. Propose future directions and research in your conclusion. It is important that you be very specific in your proposal and show evidence that you have gone beyond a summary and have critically thought about the topic.

Background Information: You are to assume the position of fire prevention officer or manager. You are responsible for enforcement of fire and life safety codes within your jurisdiction (fire service personnel are likely to relate directly to the fire departments Fire Prevention Division while private sector personnel are likely to relate to your organizations Safety and Health Division).
In your position as Fire Prevention Office/Manager you have conducted quarterly inspections of all organizational buildings. During your most recent inspection you have discovered five code violations: one relating to electrical issues two relating to structural issues and two relating to ventilation issues. Specific details for each of the four issues found are as follows:
Electrical: You find that the incoming supply service is badly worn and in need of immediate repair or replacement. All apparatus connected is on the organizations side of the incoming power supply and is not the responsibility of the local power supplier.
Structural: You find that three of the nine concrete support columns in the basement of the main operations floor (apparatus floor in fire service and production area in private sector occupancy) show signs of fatigue and spalling of concrete is wide-spread. The second issue is found to be visual cracks and oxidation of several of the steel trusses supporting the roof.
Ventilation: You find that exhaust from apparatus or machinery (whichever applies) is collecting in the upper level area of the general working area which has caused several personnel to experience symptoms similar to carbon monoxide inhalation. The second issue is the central heating and air conditioning unit which you find has broken seals worn electric wires and clogged filters.
Task: The purpose of this paper is for you to apply the concepts and information that you have learned in this unit about the position of a Fire Prevention Officer/Manager. This assignment provides you with the opportunity to use your skills expertise and experience to enrich your response when compiling data that will be used for risk reduction within the community. You will compose a paper addressing all three code violations given above. You are tasked with the job of seeking repairs and/or replacements associated to each of the three components given above. The final paper will be presented to the board or body of your organization with the authority to provide funding for repairs and/or replacement of components found during your inspection. Your paper should be composed to support the need for funding to correct these violations.
Your paper should be a minimum of three pages but no more than five (not including the cover page or reference page) and include the following:
A minimum of one page should be devoted to your mission statement.
A minimum of two pages should be devoted to three components: electrical structural and ventilation.
Be sure to provide detailed narration to explain your plan to undertake each of the three components
Keep in mind that your narrative must be straight-to-the-point. Avoid long rambling narrations as these tend to distract attention and often lead to confusion and misunderstanding of purpose and functionality. Remember that you are the head of this newly formed bureau and you want to impress your leadership with your knowledge academic ability and occupational experience.
You must reference your textbook an article retrieved from the CSU Online Library and a credible website ending in .edu .gov or .org; therefore a minimum of three sources should be referenced.
Note: Encyclopedias (online or print) message boards or any source such as Wikipedia that can be amended without educated review are not considered appropriate. Failure to use appropriate resources or resources that are available in CSUs Online Library can lead to deductions. CSU librarians can help you with your research for this assignment.
Your sources must be cited and referenced in APA format.

This final project paper will utilize many of the sections of material you have studied during the duration of this course.You will make use of your own personal observations and occupational experiences to enhance both quality and quantity of the final paper. Whether you are employed in the public sector of safety or the private sector of safety and health management your expertise and knowledge of dealing with other human beings will provide you with ample value in producing the finished
paper.Task
Part I
In your Introduction to this essay please discuss what you learned after completing the first seven units to include adescription of the relationship between the contents of this course and your present occupational position or your desired futur
e occupational position. Your relationship between concepts and knowledge to your present or desired future occupational position should be limited to a minimum of one page but should not exceed two pages.
Task Part II
Discuss how the concepts and knowledge along with standards and professional qualifications you have gained in this course relate to the following professional occupational positions:
fire marshal
plan examiner
FIR 3303 Introduction to Fire Prevention
10
fire inspector
life safety educator and
fire investigator. Your explanation of the concepts and knowledge related to the five positions should be limited to a minimum of two full pages but should not exceed three pages. Include specific references to specific topics found in the textbook (e.g. fire prevention and protection methods fire protection systems and record keeping and preservation). These are but a few of the possibilities. Do not limit your paperstrictly to the example given.
Your paper should be in APA format and include both in-text and reference citations. Your sources should include:textbook related journals or magazines and related sources from the Internet.

As the recent spread of West Nile virus and the anthrax scare of 2001 dramatically illustrate America faces a variety of new health challenges in the 21st century along with a number of persistent problems such as racial disparities in health status and care delivery. Promoting and protecting health also has been made increasingly complex by the growing prevalence of chronic conditions influenced by multiple factors including social environmental and behavioral determinants as well as biological risk factors.Improving America’s health in the 21st century requires major overhauls in the funding organization and coordination of the government public health infrastructure to ensure that it has the technology work force and other resources needed to promote and protect health says a new report from the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. However public health should no longer be thought of as just those functions historically provided by government public health agencies. Multiple public- and private-sector partners must engage with government agencies to develop innovative strategies to change the environments – social physical and political – that shape the public’s health the report says.Now that this health care bill has become law the important question is where do we go from here with public health?Using all of the information that you gathered and learn in this course share your perspective (s) on the future of public health in the United States.

Public health professionals play various roles including being expert witnesses. This case study presents a situation where you are called upon to provide expertise.
Consider the following scenario:
A major agribusiness is interested in opening a beef confined animal feeding operation (CAFO) in your community. To ensure compliance to procedures there will be public hearings on the proposal. The local government is very interested in seeing the operation established because it will generate employment and income for the community.
Using the readings for this module Argosy University online library resources and the Internet explain the health impacts the CAFO can have on the community in a 6-page research paper. In your research paper at a minimum make sure you address the following:
Your paper should be written in proper research paper format with full APA compliance to include a title page header page numbers abstract use of Level I and II headings in-text citations and a properly formatted references page.
Assignment 2 Grading Criteria

As you know our world is heavily dependent on oil. In Chapter 6 of Contemporary Environmental Issues you have read that there is concern about the possibility of reaching a peak in oil production while Chapter 8 ofContemporary Environmental Issuesintroduces a variety of possible alternative energy sources. Based on the concern that we may be running out of oil describe at least tworenewablealternatives to oil that are currently available and discuss the barriers that keep these alternatives from replacing oil as our primary means of energy. Do not discuss other fossil fuels or nuclear energy which are all nonrenewable sources. Additionally discuss the role that government plays in ensuring a transition to these renewable alternatives in a post peak-oil world.
Your initial post should be at least 250 words in length. Utilize at least two scholarly or reputable resources and your textbook to support your claims. Cite your sources in APA format. Quoted text should constitute no more than ten percent of your post. Respond to at least two of your classmates posts by Day 7.