Summary: The purpose of the weekly reflective journal exercises is to allow for analysis, synthesis and evaluation of nursing theory using guided questions. Reflection has been referred to as a process that happens internally, privately or in isolation (Hill & Watson, 2011).  Also a useful definition of reflection has been referred to as the examination of an issue of concern, as a consequence of experience, creating clarity and meaning in terms of self, and which results in a change of perspective ( Boyd & Fales, 1983).

This assignment will be a communication paper you are being asked to draft for staff at your current or fictional future research site. The paper must be at least 2 full pages in length; written in APA format. See further details below.

Choose one of the following topics on principles of ethical clinical research:

• Autonomy
• Exploitation
• Fair Subject Selection
• Favorable Risk-Benefit Ratio
• Informed Consent
• Respect for Participants
• Social Value
• Scientific Validity

For this assignment, you will research risk management programs for health care facilities or organizations. Review the criteria below in order to select an exemplar that applies to your current or anticipated professional arena. (Note: Select an example plan with sufficient data to be able to complete the assignment successfully.)

In a 1,000-1,250 word paper, provide an analysis that includes the following:

1. Brief summary description of the type of risk management plan you selected (new employee, specific audience, community-focused, etc.) and your rationale for selecting that example.
2. Description of the recommended administrative steps and processes in a typical health care organization risk management program contrasted with the administrative steps and processes you can identify in your selected example plan. (Note: Select an example plan with sufficient data to be able to complete the assignment successfully.)
3. Analyze the key agencies and organizations that regulate the administration of safe health care and the roles each play in the risk management oversight process.
4. Evaluation of the selected exemplar risk management plan regarding compliance with the American Society of Healthcare Risk Management (ASHRM) standards relevant to privacy, health care worker safety, and patient safety.
5. Proposed recommendations or changes you would make to your selected risk management program example to enhance, improve, or to secure compliance standards.

In addition to your textbook, you are required to support your analysis with a minimum of three peer-reviewed references.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.

Reflection Paper: Addiction And Theories

Reflection Paper: Addiction and Theories 

Ksir, C., Hart, C., Ray,O. Drugs, Society and Human Behavior, Twelfth Edition. McGraw Hill Publisher 

Read Chapter 2 of the text, note the definitions and the major theories about how drug use leads to drug abuse/addiction.

What is your favorite theory(s) of Addiction? 

Why do people become addicted to alcohol, tobacco and other drugs (ATOD)? 

Write a definition of addiction/dependency:

Nature of addiction/dependency – etiology: what happens to a person who is addicted/dependent on ATOD (See also chapter 1 “Drug Dependence” and “Stages of Drug Dependence”; Chapter 2 “The vicious Cycle of Drug Addiction)

Bio-Psycho-Social Model: write your favorite explanations of why someone might become addicted to AOD, based on specific theories in each of the following categories

Biological causes/factors of addiction/dependency

Psychological causes/factors of addiction/dependency

Social causes/factors of addiction/dependency

The Biopsychosocial Approach 

The biopsychosocial approach was developed at Rochester decades ago by Drs. George Engel and John Romano. While traditional biomedical models of clinical medicine focus on pathophysiology and other biological approaches to disease, the biopsychosocial approach in our training programs emphasize the importance of understanding human health and illness in their fullest contexts. The biopsychosocial approach systematically considers biological, psychological, and social factors and their complex interactions in understanding health, illness, and health care delivery. 

• Biological, psychological, and social factors exist along a continuum of natural systems, as depicted in the list here. 

• Systematic consideration of psychological and social factors requires application of relevant social sciences, just as consideration of biological factors requires application of relevant natural sciences. Therefore, both the natural and social sciences are ‘basic’ to medical practice. In other words, psychological and social factors are not merely epiphenomena: they can be understood in scientific ways at their own levels as well as in regard to their biological correlates. 

• Humanistic qualities are highly valued complements to the biopsychosocial approach, which involves the application of the scientific method to diverse biological, psychological, and social phenomena as related to human health. 

• While the biomedical approach takes the reductionistic view that all phenomena are best understood at the lowest level of natural systems (e.g., cellular or molecular), the biopsychosocial approach recognizes that different clinical scenarios may be most usefully understood scientifically at several levels of the natural systems continuum. 

To apply the biopsychosocial approach to clinical practice, the clinician should: 

• Recognize that relationships are central to providing health care 

• Use self-awareness as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool 

• Elicit the patient’s history in the context of life circumstances 

• Decide which aspects of biological, psychological, and social domains are most important to understanding and promoting the patient’s health 

• Provide multidimensional treatment 

The Biopsychosocial Approach 

REFERENCES 

Engel GL: The need for a new medical model: a challenge for biomedicine. Science 1977;196:129-136. 

Engel GL: The clinical application of the biopsychosocial model. Am J Psychiatry 1980;137:535-544. 

Frankel RM, Quill TE, McDaniel SH (Eds.): The Biopsychosocial Approach: Past, Present, Future.University of Rochester Press, Rochester, NY, 2003.

Borrell-Carrió F, Suchman AL, Epstein RM: The biopsychosocial model 25 years later: principles, practice, and scientific inquiry. Ann Fam Med 2004;2:576-582. 

Cohen J, Brown Clark S: John Romano and George Engel: Their Lives and Work.University of Rochester Press, Rochester, NY, and Boydell and Brewer Limited, Suffolk UK, 2010

  Part 1

1.You are being chased through the woods by a hungry bear. 

a. Which nervous system would engage (parasympathetic or sympathetic) and why?

b. What would be the effects of this system on your:

i. Eyes

ii. Skin

iii. Respiratory System

iv. d. Skeletal muscles

c. Describe the neurotransmitter family that is activated in this situation.

2. You are home with the flu. 

a. Which nervous system would engage? Why is this? 

b. What would be the effects of this system on your:

i. Eyes

ii. Skin

iii. Respiratory System

iv. Skeletal muscles

c. Describe the neurotransmitter family that is activated in this situation.

Part 2: Jack is a 78-year-old man. While most of the time Jack is able to live by himself, he does often forget where he put his car keys or what time his next doctor’s appointment is. 

1. Why would you not classify Jack as an Alzheimer’s patient?  Provide one (1) supporting fact.

2. Describe one (1) type of treatment or assistance one would recommend for Jack, with one (1) supporting fact.

Medical Words And Organ Systems

1. Discuss word root, prefix, suffix, and combining form in relation to determining the meaning of medical terms. 

 2. Explain how the phonetically spelled pronunciation guide aids you to pronounce medical words or phrases correctly. Give at least 3 examples of medical words that would have a different meaning if pronounced incorrectly. What effect could mispronouncing these 3 words have on patients?

3. Describe the major organs within the integumentary system, how they work together to perform the major functions of the system, and at least 2 illnesses related to the system.

Qualitative Research Critique And Ethical Considerations

Use the practice problem and a qualitative, peer-reviewed research article you identified in the Topic 1 assignment to complete this assignment.

In a 1000-1,250 word essay, summarize the study, explain the ways in which the findings might be used in nursing practice, and address ethical considerations associated with the conduct of the study.

Refer to the resource "Research Critique Guidelines" for suggested headings and content for your paper.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.

Health Promotion Dialogue

 John is a 42-year-old male who was just diagnosed with pre-diabetes. He made an appointment with you, the nurse coach, to discuss weight loss. Utilizing the Motivational Interviewing guidelines , in 1-2 pages, write a sample dialogue between the nurse and patient. Include how you would "contract" with the patient using the template attached.  

Provide a concise description and appraisal of the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) Essentials of Master's Education in Nursing. Provide a brief explanation on each of the essentials reflecting on how each essential affects the clinical practice and the author's interpretation on each essential.

APA guidelines. Title page, abstract, introduction, body, conclusion, and reference page. 5 to 6 pages.

Select a nursing concept, supported by a nursing theory, and address the following components included in a concept analysis:
• Definition of concept
• Identification of three attributes of the concept
• Description of one antecedent and one consequence of the concept
• Identification of at least one empirical referent
• Brief explanation of theoretical applications of the concept (How is the concept relevant to a nursing theory?)

This information does not have to be comprehensive but provides a foundation to the upcoming
assignment. Be sure to include scholarly references.