Go for excellence

Site Visit Reports for Engineers

Making the visit and writing up the site report Engineering students may visit companies outside the university to learn about ‘real life’ examples of business and engineering management. In such reports students are often required to ‘write up’ their observations and findings from a site visit.

What is the purpose of a site visit? What are common features of site visit reports? What are some tips for both getting the most out of your visit and writing up your results?

Before your visit A key is to prepare for the visit to the report location and a good idea is to do some preliminary research on the operations of the plant / company.

1. Use the internet, company reports, and books to investigate some of the primary processes.

2. Think about what you already know about the company, list as much information and work from there.

During your visit The purpose of visiting a ‘real-life’ example of engineering is to gain a better sense of your field at work.

During your visit try to be actively engaged in what you are experiencing

The following tips may help you make the most out of your visit.

TIPS:

1. Ask questions when you have the opportunity. Staff involved in presenting the operations of the company are likely to expect questions, and are usually more than happy to accommodate.

2. Prepare some questions before you visit, but then modify them where possible.

3. Use question asking periods to ask any questions that might help with the writing up of your assignment.

A further good habit to get in to is taking notes during your visit. Use any practical opportunity to record any impressions / observations you have of all aspects of the visit. Group the notes under headings.

Some notes you might later review might not be directly related to writing up your report, but extra notes have a way of helping you write yourself into a report. A further benefit is that your notes and impressions are fresh and immediate – you don’t have to rely on your memory to recall information at a later date.

Site Visit Report Checklist Make sure before your site visit you have:

 Read up on the site you are visiting  Checked the website of the company for

relevant information

 Prepared a list of questions to ask staff  Read any assessment information BEFORE you

visit the field

 Prepared a notebook for making notes as you go with headings prepared.

  Academic Skills

www.services.unimelb.edu.au/academicskills • 13 MELB • [email protected]

Go for excellence V2 1012 JH

Writing up your site visit report Site visit reports may vary from subject to subject, but there are some general features. While you should always work from any course information you have been given, many site visit reports tend to include some or all of the following sections: an executive summary, an introduction, a brief overview of the location, a description of processes at the plant (e.g. chemical, machinery), a section where observations and reflections on the plant are discussed, and sometimes recommendations.

Reflection / Observation When writing reflections/observations of your visit, it is not appropriate to make general statements such as “I had a really good day” or “The operations seem effective”. The language is subjective and unnecessary. Such impressions may leave your lecturer thinking “so what?”

The aims of reflection / observation are:

 To make links between theory and practice: what you’ve been doing in your course, what you’ve read and what actually goes on in industry.

 To evaluate the operations of the plant against certain criteria (e.g. technology, efficiency of process), and discuss the relative strengths and weaknesses of what you observed.

 To demonstrate to your lecturer that you observed (and understood) the most important features of the site and you acknowledge that these are some of the most important aspects of what ‘you got out of’ the visit.

If you have some previous work experience relating to the topic you might offer some professional advice. Perhaps picture yourself as a professional reviewing certain practices of the plant and providing some written feedback / comment to a manager outside the company.

As you can see, these aims generate far more specific outcomes than merely ‘taking a trip’ to the plant. In some respects, the visit is like a school excursion, but it is more an application of your formal education. Rather than sitting in a confined classroom and thinking about how a refinery works, it represents a chance to visit one and really experience how it works.

Sections of a Site Visit Report Always read your lecturer/tutor’s criteria for assessment as a guide to writing. Refer to any class notes, handouts, or grading information when you outline your draft.

The following explanations may help you gain a better sense of the purpose of various sections:

Title Page The title page should include the title of your visit. The title of your project should not be overly long – shorter is usually better.

Include the name of the site, the date, and your name. Some lecturers also require other information such as your student number and/or class. Check with your lecturer.

Executive Summary An executive summary outlines the main features of your report. It is an abridged version of the whole report, so keep the language simple and straightforward.

There are typical sections to an executive summary and this includes a few sentences on the background and location, a rationale for the report, a statement on what was observed, and a few sentences that offer conclusions and recommendations about the report.

Introduction The introduction of the report should engage the reader. Rather than a dry and overly general description of the industry or company, it is better to set a context at the level of observation.

Start your report with a series of comments on the importance of what is being observed, a problem that resulted from not adhering to standards, or with an engineering problem or solution, for example.

Main Body of Report This section usually involves explaining procedures and processes. Some of these might be chemical processes, construction, or commercial operations of the plant. Ensure that you check your assignment requirements.

Recommendations / Reflections Most reports include a recommendation section. You might be required to reflect on your experience. If so, relate what you have observed with your professional experiences or wider reading and try and make connections there.

References Refer to literature as directed by your lecturer. Some lecturers might require you to do reading in preparation for the assignment; in this case, you could refer to studies directly relating to the site of your visit.

If studies are limited, you might cast a wider net and explore similar issues found at your site with other companies or plants.

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Learning Objectives The objective of this assignment is to (a) connect course concepts to the real-world by critiquing the management and/or leadership approaches of a manager, (b) develop logical, evidence-based arguments using external research to support your critique, and (c) cultivate your ability to incorporate the contingency approach when analyzing management and leadership. Assignment Overview You will conduct an interview with a manager to better understand (a) the context of their work environment (i.e., industry, organization, job, subordinate characteristics, management characteristics, etc.) and (b) the manager’s current management and leadership approach. You will identify what management and leadership approaches the manager is employing using the definitions, theories, models, and concepts discussed in class. You will then critique, using the contingency approach (Ch. 1), whether the manager’s current management and leadership approach is ideal given the context of their work environment. You will prepare a written summary of your findings and assessment, drawing from information provided in class (i.e., textbook, readings, lecture notes) and external sources (i.e., peer- reviewed academic journal articles). Manager Identification The manager must not be an immediate family member, and must have atleast two or more subordinates who report directly to him or her. Extended family members are acceptable, but discouraged. Consider this an opportunity to extend your professional social network. I strongly recommend that you interview the manager in person. When this is not possible, FaceTime, Skype or by phone is an acceptable backup. Email-only conversations are technically not interviews, and are not allowed. Interview Preparation You should do some initial background research into the business/organization the manager works before your interview. Be prepared to ask introductory questions in order to understand the manager’s work context. The point of these questions is to garner a better understanding of the industry, organization, job, subordinate characteristics, and supervisor characteristics. These questions are essential for applying the contingency approach to your critique. Example questions are listed below.

§ What is it like to work in your industry? § What is it like to work for your organization? § What are your job responsibilities? § How many people do you manage and what are their general responsibilities? § How do you spend most of your days at work?

The majority of the interview should focus on uncovering the interviewee’s management and leadership approach. You must incorporate at least three different chapters in your interview and analysis. The eligible chapters are as follows:

§ What is Organizational Behavior? (Ch. 1) § Demographics, Personality, and Intelligence (Ch. 3) § Attitudes, Values, Moods, & Emotions (Ch. 5)

MGT 291: Introduction to Management & Leadership

M&L Plan: Management Interview – Part B M. Johns – adapted from S. Dust 2

§ Social Perception, Attributions, & Perceived Fairness (Ch. 6) § Motivating Behavior (Ch. 7) § Communication (Ch. 8) § Power, Influence, & Politics (Ch. 10) § Leadership (Ch. 13)

You will need to develop an interview strategy. Please consider the suggestions below. Start with general questions and then gradually probe about specifics. For example, you could start by asking “What kind of leadership does it take to be successful at your company?” If the manager responds with something related to “someone who can deal with change”. Then ask follow-up questions such as “What kind of change?” and “What kinds of things do you try and do to deal with that type of change?” You should not expect managers to discuss how they do their job using the terms, theories, and concepts we discuss in class. Instead, ask more general questions and then interpret the responses in relation to course material. In other words, don’t ask the manager “Do you use Expectancy Theory in motivating your employees?” Instead, ask how he or she motivates employees. Then, interpret these responses in terms of concepts discussed in class. You should take notes during the interview. You may also want to record the interview so that you can take more detailed notes at a later time. If you do record the interview, make sure you first ask the interviewee’s permission first. Assignment Administration & Required Paper Sections

§ Formatting & Submission (8pts): The paper should be 5-7 pages (not including cover page, tables, figures, references, etc.), 1.5 spaced, with 12-point/Times New Roman font, and 1-inch margins on all sides. This page range is just a guide. You will not be penalized for being over or under the page range recommendations. However, papers significantly under the minimum typically do not provide enough detail, and papers significantly over the maximum typically are unfocused and lack direction. This will likely affect your grade in terms of quality vs. simply page count.

The paper must have a cover page that includes your name, section, date, the manager’s name, the business/organization’s name and the manager’s email address, and phone number if available. I will email a random selection of managers to confirm that interviews were not falsified.

You must reference a minimum of 8 scholarly (peer-reviewed) journal articles. To find these references, you must use PsychInfo or Business Source Complete. These databases are accessible through the MGT 291 Library page: http://libguides.lib.miamioh.edu/MGT291. The “Business Source Complete Handout” contained in the MGT 291 Library page offers search tips. For additional guidance, I strongly recommend contacting the Business Librarian, Susan Hurst (219A Laws Hall, 513-529-4144, [email protected]).

Cite your sources using APA formatting and include a reference page. For guidance, see the “Citing Business Databases in APA Style” link contained in the MGT 291 Library page.

The due date for the paper is Friday, November 17th at the beginning of class. Please BRING A HARCOPY TO CLASS and upload an electronic version through Canvas.

MGT 291: Introduction to Management & Leadership

M&L Plan: Management Interview – Part B M. Johns – adapted from S. Dust 3

§ Work Context (12pts) (approximately 1 page): Setup the paper by identifying the manager and his or her work context. Explain pertinent contextual elements such as the industry, organization, job, subordinate responsibilities, and manager responsibilities.

§ Managing Employees (25pts): Summarize, integrate, and interpret the interview findings using

course concepts and external research. You may organize this section however you see fit. However, it should be clear that you have addressed concepts from a minimum of three chapters. Be sure to describe the manager’s management and leadership approach using the definitions, theories, models, concepts, etc., from course material. As well, be sure to critique their approach using the contingency approach (Ch. 1). Clarify why certain elements of their management and leadership approach are ideal or not ideal given the work context.

§ Conclusion (5pts) (approximately 1 page): Summarize your critique of the manager’s

management and leadership approach given the manager’s work context. This should be an overarching summary of your contingency approach critique of the manager.

Grading Rubric (50 total points)

§ Is the work context section comprehensive, giving the reader an accurate and thorough perspective of the manager’s work context? Does the work context section set-up the body of the paper by detailing the contextual elements that dictate whether or not the manager’s approach is ideal or not ideal?

§ Are the interpretations and applications of course concepts accurate? Are the course concepts

discussed pertinent and helpful in conducting the critique? Do the course applications cover a diverse selection of concepts?

§ Are the points made within the management critique clear and logical? Is the external research

used to support the critique grounded in evidence-based management (i.e., the scientific method)? Is the external research well-integrated into the arguments?

MGT 291: Introduction to Management & Leadership

M&L Plan: Management Interview – Part B M. Johns – adapted from S. Dust 4

§ Does the critique accurately reflect the contingency approach to management? Does the critique

thoroughly consider the manager’s work context when determining whether the management and leadership approach is ideal or not ideal?

§ Does the conclusion clearly summarize your critique? Does the conclusion offer a clear and

concise summary of everything discussed in the body of the paper?

§ Does the paper use logic and evidence instead of fanciful language, slang, opinions, and personal examples?

§ Is there an overarching theme or underlying theory that connects the critiques in the paper?

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Integration Papers

Instructions

The purpose of this assignment is to strengthen your political knowledge base, which will give you a better understanding of the terms and concepts presented in the lecture outlines and textbook. It will also assist in preparing you for the exams and in-class writing assignments. Please read carefully and closely follow the format below:

I. Summary

Under this heading, write 2-3 paragraphs summarizing the news programs you watched for this assignment. The paragraphs should be a detailed synopsis of a period of political news. In your summary, include the name of the news programs you watched and the dates that you viewed them.

II. Integration

Under this heading, write roughly 4-6 paragraphs connecting the terms in the textbook and lecture outlines to the political news included in your summary. As a sample:

The confidential Justice Department document about the president’s use of drones, which was recently leaked to the press, relates to numerous concepts outlined in the textbook. First, there are questions of executive authority. Article I of the Constitution states that the power to declare war belongs to Congress (A-4). While the Justice Department document does not authorize the president to declare war, it gives him unchecked power to take lethal measures. One of the reasons for the Bill of Rights is to limit the power of government. In fact, preventing government from amassing too much power was on the forefront of the framers’ minds as they drafted the new constitution (47-50). Still, presidents have historically circumvented checks on the executive branch with devices such as executive orders and signing statements (53).

All information should come from either the textbook or the class lecture outlines. Do not utilize outside books or online sources to complete this assignment. Therefore, in terms of citation, including the page number(s) where you found the information in the text is sufficient. If you reference a lecture outline, cite the title of the lecture outline that you used.

III. Commentary

Under this heading, write 1-2 paragraphs expressing your personal views about the political topics you included in the summary.

You are required to write two papers. Follow this format twice, with each paper depicting different news topics and chapters from the text. Each paper is to be typed, single-spaced, and stapled together with notes from the news attached. Staple everything together! I will not accept loose/unsecured papers. This assignment is worth 50 points.

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Case Study

Please read the article about Chef Goss under the content tab and answer the questions below. Each question should be at least two paragraphs long to one page in length. This case study is due in the submission box Monday, 11/20 by 5 pm.

1. From a general manager perspective, how would you have reacted from Chef Goss’ explanations and was this incident handled?

2. The term “kitchen culture” is used in this article, almost as an explanation. How should the general manager change the culture?

3. From a human resources perspective, what needs to be changed in the training?

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You need to add /

1-Strategic analysis include:include:

A- external analysis (I attached to file named "Strategic Analysis.pdf" to see what it needs.

B- remote environment.

2- Strategies:

A- Social media marketing strategy plan (the details included in the file here named "Marketing Development Strategy.docx".

B- Provide discounts for consulting / publish them through social media for a period of time to encourage people.

C- Get a limited partnership with Home-Depot. (Have common interests from both sides to get discounts or coupons for costumers).

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Advertising Brief
Client: Client name + product / service name
Background: General brand and market introduction (two paragraphs max)
Purpose of the brief: In simple terms outline the task – the problem the advertising has to solve.
Marketing Objectives: Only list desired marketing outcomes e.g. sales, volume, market share, distribution etc. Must be SMART.
Notes: “How to write SMART objectives”
Marketing Strategies:
Marketing Mix:
Product= describe the product (range) in terms of sizes, colours, packaging or key differentiating feature
Price= List the prices for each of the products listed above to give the users of this brief the idea of price range and price positioning. With variable pricing e.g. a vehicle model you can use ‘from $xxx’
Place= Identify the types of distribution outlets from which the consumer can trial or buy the product/service
Promotion= List the non-advertising promotional activities which have recently occurred or will occur concurrently with this planned advertising campaign
Target Audience:
Primary
Provide a target audience profile description in the standard industry format in terms of:
• demographic,
• geographic,
• psychographic,
• Behavioural o usage,
o benefits sought
Note: Depending on the campaign purpose, there may be other specific audiences that might need to be reached –Secondary or even tertiary. Note that including secondary or even tertiary audiences may require unique media & messaging in the campaign proposal. Only include extra audiences if significantly relevant e.g. Gate keeper/consumer roles.
Secondary (If necessary) List profile description of the secondary TA using the same format and detail.
MKT102A Advertising Brief Template
Consumer insights
Insight into the consumer that relates to the purpose of the campaign that will provide deeper understanding of the consumer to help in achieving the desired outcome. Support this with researched and referenced data.
Target Audience Weighting
Identify the level of prioritisation between the two audiences to assist the media investment split (E.g. 60/40 or 75/25). Only required if more than one audience.
Advertising Objectives:
Only include those specifics (in this SMART Objective) that advertising can achieve. It is a statement of WHAT the advertising campaign is setting out to achieve not HOW it will achieve them (how is a strategy not an objective).
Advertising Strategy:
List the advertising strategies to be used to achieve the advertising objectives.
Strategy will include an outline of:
• Direction– Simple statement of the overall approach.
Refer to the supplied notes for a range of strategies that would be suitable. The level of involvement and either rational or emotive (FCB Grid) could be the foundation for your strategy.
• Campaign scope
• Suggested Media (Note: top line not detail – detail comes in the proposal
• Timing & duration
See Notes: “Objectives, strategies and Rationales” & “How to write strategies with CLARITY” for examples and formats.
Brand dimensions: Outline a brief Brand positioning statement and list:
• Brand Values
• Brand Personality
• Brand tone of voice
List all known branding issues, properties and associations (E.g. use of Cadbury purple in advertisement / commercial Red Bull association with extreme sports)
USP (Proposition): Identify the ONE competitive advantage about this product or service that can be claimed as unique. Express the USP as an advertising proposition
Advertising brief submission template V2 2017
Advertising Brief
Competitors: Insert a table listing the direct competitors and their respective competitive advantages over the client’s product or service (E.G. Rowntree brand chocolates
~ Pricing advantage, Lindt chocolates ~ Premium Product quality advantage etc). List their slogans/positioning. Brief outline of any relevant competitive advertising or promotional activity.
Why the Customer will respond favourably?
List why the customer will respond to this proposed advertising strategy not why they would respond to the product or service itself. E.g. the USP is why they are likely to respond positively to the product /service.
Why the customer will not respond favourably?
Identify marketplace conditions, situations, trends or activities that would negatively impact on the consumer response to the proposed advertising strategy?
Media considerations:
List any issues that will assist the ‘Media Planner’ develop their plan e.g. timing, situational influences, geographic weighting, any know ‘aperture’.
Mandatory inclusions:
Cover any legal and or ethical issues, conditions or restraints for this advertising campaign, especially advertising code compliance. For example – health/pharmaceutical claim disclaimers, ‘Enjoy alcohol responsible’ disclaimer, Product Disclosure Statement (PDS) or Terms and Conditions brochure (for regulated financial products).
Must be based on researched and referenced laws, regulations, advertising codes etc.
Budget:
Provide an actual budget with a list of budget allocations for:
• Campaign Development (assume 5% of budget)
• Production (assume 15% of budget)
• Media (assume 50% of budget)
• Monitoring/research (assume 10% of budget)
• Agency fees (assume 20% of budget)
Timing: Key deadlines
• Proposal due date (Start with the final assessment (The Campaign Proposal) submission date – to keep all development and campaign dates in the future)
• Proposal approval date
• Final creative approval
• Creative production – Material deadlines
• Campaign launch & Campaign finish
MKT102A Advertising Brief Template
Advertising brief submission template V2 2017

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Topic: Your topic must be related to communications, possibly in a business context. You can choose your own topic or look at the list below for ideas. If you choose to focus on one of the general topic areas listed below, then you must make sure that your paper narrows down the topic so that it is more specific and concrete.
Feel free to narrow your focus down to one specific industry or subject area, e.g. communicating effectively in the accounting industry, tourism industry, fashion industry, human resources, etc. Clear your topic with me before you start writing.
Report Format:
• Follow the Business Report Style Guide in Moodle
• 1.5 spacing, with an extra space between paragraphs
• Times New Roman, 12 point font
• In-text citations use APA Format
• Reference Page uses APA Format
Length: 9 pages maximum, including title page, table of contents etc. (I will be happy if it is shorter)
Outline:
• Title Page (1 page)
• Table of Contents (1 page)
• Executive Summary (1 page maximum) – a short summary of all of the content of your report for readers who do not have time to read the whole thing.
• Introduction (approximately 1/2 page) – introduces the overall topic and the subtopics that you will be discussing.
• Body Content (8 pages maximum) – use informative, logical headings of your choice; may use subheadings under each heading (make sure heading formats are consistent at each level); paragraphs should be relatively short and well-structured; content should fit together logically; include in-text citations for ALL information, ideas, facts and quotations taken from an outside source.
• Conclusion (approximately 1/2 page) – summarizes what you have said in a strong and definite manner; recaps the topic and subtopics.
• References (1 page) – separate page; follows APA format as discussed in class; should include at least 5 sources that were used in your report.
We will be discussing all of these sections in the classes about writing formal reports. I strongly encourage you to start doing research on your topic as soon as you can.
If you need help finding research sources and articles, the librarians at the NAIT library are your best resource.
Topic:
1. Visual communication and graphic design: There’s more to the message than the words themselves. How do visuals (pictures, shapes, colours, fonts, logos) affect communication and audience perception?

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https://blackboard.strayer.edu/bbcswebdav/institution/BUS/310/1156/Week10/Week 10 Assignment 5.html https://blackboard.strayer.edu/bbcswebdav/institution/BUS/310/1156/Week10/Week%2010%20Assignment%205.html 1/1 Students, please view the “Submit a Clickable Rubric Assignment” in the Student Center. Instructors, training on how to grade is within the Instructor Center. Assignment 5: Creating Your Dream Job Due Week 10 and worth 300 points In this assignment, you get the chance to create your dream job and to build its compensation plan and appraisal performance. Write a six to eight (6-8) page paper in which you: 1. Create a job description and specifications for your dream job. 2. Design a compensation and benefits package related to your dream job. 3. Rationalize your compensation and benefits package. Be sure to indicate the research and considerations that went into the design of the compensation and benefits package. 4. Imagine this is the only position of its kind in the organization. From this perspective, design a performance appraisal program to assess your job performance. 5. Rationalize your performance appraisal program. Be sure to indicate the research and considerations that went into the design of the performance appraisal program. 6. Use at least three (3) quality resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and similar websites do not qualify as quality resources. 7. Format your assignment according to the following formatting requirements: a. Typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides. b. Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, your name, your professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page is not included in the required page length. c. Include a reference page. Citations and references must follow APA format. The reference page is not included in the required page length. The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are: Discuss job analysis, job descriptions, and specifications. Analyze various techniques, considerations, and designs of employee compensation programs. Analyze various techniques, considerations, and designs of performance appraisal programs. Use technology and information resources to research issues in human resource management. Write clearly and concisely about human resource management using proper writing mechanics. Click here to view the grading rubric for this assignment.\

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• What is the role of the project manager in the selection of the project? What criteria does the project manager use to select the project, and how are these criteria derived?
• List and briefly describes the skills that will enable the project manager to most effectively manage change. Which one do you think is most important, and why?
• What are the key components of the project plan? How are they used?
• What role does management play in the project? How do I change control and configuration management interrelate?
• Identify and define the inputs and outputs to integrated change control.
• What performance measurement techniques can be used to identify and control changes to the project scope, schedule, or deliverables?performance measurement techniques can be used to identify and control changes to the project scope, schedule, or deliverables?

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Popular usage of the word “theory” may sometimes imply a singular, often grand idea. The world, however, is complex, and the systems designed to understand it, such as theory, are often intricate in order to sufficiently explain the world as it is. Indeed, as you will learn this week, theory is nuanced, and it can also be viewed as a combination of variables, ideas, or constructs to test or advance a research question. In addition, theory tends to play a different role in qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods research.

For this Discussion, you will consider the role of theory in research and the relationship between theory and philosophical orientations. You will also familiarize yourself with a theory in your field so that you may become more conversant in your discipline’s theoretical foundations.

With these thoughts in mind:

The Discussion:

Address the following thus:

Introduction
An explanation of the role of theory in research.
Identify a theory in your discipline and explain its basic tenets.
With this theory in mind, consider your answer to the following question posed by Dr. Burkholder in last week’s reading: “What do I have to believe about the world and about human beings in order for me to accept or use this theory?”(Burkholder, G. J., Cox, K. A., & Crawford, L. M. (2016). The scholar-practitioner’s guide to research design)
Finally, describe the extent to which the epistemological and ontological assumptions of your chosen theory align with the philosophical orientation that reflects your worldview.
Conclusion
Be sure to support your Main Issue Post and Response Post with reference to the week’s Learning Resources and other recentscholarly evidence (2010-2016) in APA Style.

Resources:

Babbie, E. (2017). Basics of social research (7th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.
Chapter 2, “Paradigms, Theory, and Research”
 

de Vaus, D. A. (2001). Research design in social research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Research Design in Social Research by De Vaus, D.A. Copyright 2001 Sage Publications Ltd. Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Ltd., via the Copyright Clearance Center. Chapter 1, “The Context of Design”
 

Burkholder, G. J., Cox, K. A., & Crawford, L. M. (2016). The scholar-practitioner’s guide to research design.Baltimore, MD: Laureate Publishing. https://www.amazon.fr/Scholar-Practitioners-Guide-Research-Design-English-ebook/dp/B01ETRCUQG/277-5412351-2865366?ie=UTF8&reader=1&tag=prevread-20#reader_B01ETRCUQG
Chapter 2, “Philosophical Foundations and the Role of Theory in Research”

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